---
title: Dialog
subtitle: A popup that opens on top of the entire page.
description: A high-quality, unstyled React dialog component that opens on top of the entire page.
---

# Dialog

A high-quality, unstyled React dialog component that opens on top of the entire page.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';

export default function ExampleDialog() {
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
        View notifications
      </Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 min-h-dvh bg-black opacity-20 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:opacity-70 supports-[-webkit-touch-callout:none]:absolute" />
        <Dialog.Popup className="fixed top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 w-96 max-w-[calc(100vw-3rem)] -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-6 text-gray-900 outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:scale-90 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:scale-90 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:outline-gray-300">
          <Dialog.Title className="-mt-1.5 mb-1 text-lg font-medium">Notifications</Dialog.Title>
          <Dialog.Description className="mb-6 text-base text-gray-600">
            You are all caught up. Good job!
          </Dialog.Description>
          <div className="flex justify-end gap-4">
            <Dialog.Close className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
              Close
            </Dialog.Close>
          </div>
        </Dialog.Popup>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Button {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  user-select: none;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  min-height: 100dvh;
  inset: 0;
  background-color: black;
  opacity: 0.2;
  transition: opacity 150ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005);

  /* iOS 26+: Ensure the backdrop covers the entire visible viewport. */
  @supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
    position: absolute;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 24rem;
  max-width: calc(100vw - 3rem);
  margin-top: -2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  transition: all 150ms;

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.9);
  }
}

.Title {
  margin-top: -0.375rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  line-height: 1.75rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.0025em;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.Description {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: end;
  gap: 1rem;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleDialog() {
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button}>View notifications</Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className={styles.Backdrop} />
        <Dialog.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
          <Dialog.Title className={styles.Title}>Notifications</Dialog.Title>
          <Dialog.Description className={styles.Description}>
            You are all caught up. Good job!
          </Dialog.Description>
          <div className={styles.Actions}>
            <Dialog.Close className={styles.Button}>Close</Dialog.Close>
          </div>
        </Dialog.Popup>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}
```

## Anatomy

Import the component and assemble its parts:

```jsx title="Anatomy"
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';

<Dialog.Root>
  <Dialog.Trigger />
  <Dialog.Portal>
    <Dialog.Backdrop />
    <Dialog.Viewport>
      <Dialog.Popup>
        <Dialog.Title />
        <Dialog.Description />
        <Dialog.Close />
      </Dialog.Popup>
    </Dialog.Viewport>
  </Dialog.Portal>
</Dialog.Root>;
```

## Examples

### State

By default, Dialog is an uncontrolled component that manages its own state.

```tsx title="Uncontrolled dialog"
<Dialog.Root>
  <Dialog.Trigger>Open</Dialog.Trigger>
  <Dialog.Portal>
    <Dialog.Popup>
      <Dialog.Title>Example dialog</Dialog.Title>
      <Dialog.Close>Close</Dialog.Close>
    </Dialog.Popup>
  </Dialog.Portal>
</Dialog.Root>
```

Use `open` and `onOpenChange` props if you need to access or control the state of the dialog.
For example, you can control the dialog state in order to open it imperatively from another place in your app.

```tsx title="Controlled dialog"
const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
return (
  <Dialog.Root open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
    <Dialog.Trigger>Open</Dialog.Trigger>
    <Dialog.Portal>
      <Dialog.Popup>
        <form
          // Close the dialog once the form data is submitted
          onSubmit={async () => {
            await submitData();
            setOpen(false);
          }}
        >
          ...
        </form>
      </Dialog.Popup>
    </Dialog.Portal>
  </Dialog.Root>
);
```

It's also common to use `onOpenChange` if your app needs to do something when the dialog is closed or opened. This is recommended over `React.useEffect` when reacting to state changes.

```tsx title="Running code when dialog state changes"
<Dialog.Root
  open={open}
  onOpenChange={(open) => {
    // Do stuff when the dialog is closed
    if (!open) {
      doStuff();
    }
    // Set the new state
    setOpen(open);
  }}
>
```

### Open from a menu

In order to open a dialog using a menu, control the dialog state and open it imperatively using the `onClick` handler on the menu item.

```tsx {12-13,17-18,24-25,28-29} title="Connecting a dialog to a menu"
import * as React from 'react';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import { Menu } from '@base-ui/react/menu';

function ExampleMenu() {
  const [dialogOpen, setDialogOpen] = React.useState(false);

  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <Menu.Root>
        <Menu.Trigger>Open menu</Menu.Trigger>
        <Menu.Portal>
          <Menu.Positioner>
            <Menu.Popup>
              {/* Open the dialog when the menu item is clicked */}
              <Menu.Item onClick={() => setDialogOpen(true)}>Open dialog</Menu.Item>
            </Menu.Popup>
          </Menu.Positioner>
        </Menu.Portal>
      </Menu.Root>

      {/* Control the dialog state */}
      <Dialog.Root open={dialogOpen} onOpenChange={setDialogOpen}>
        <Dialog.Portal>
          <Dialog.Backdrop />
          <Dialog.Popup>
            {/* prettier-ignore */}
            {/* Rest of the dialog */}
          </Dialog.Popup>
        </Dialog.Portal>
      </Dialog.Root>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}
```

### Nested dialogs

You can nest dialogs within one another normally.

Use the `[data-nested-dialog-open]` selector and the `var(--nested-dialogs)` CSS variable to customize the styling of the parent dialog. Backdrops of the child dialogs won't be rendered so that you can present the parent dialog in a clean way behind the one on top of it.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';

export default function ExampleDialog() {
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
        View notifications
      </Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 min-h-dvh bg-black opacity-20 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:opacity-70 supports-[-webkit-touch-callout:none]:absolute" />
        <Dialog.Popup className="fixed top-[calc(50%+1.25rem*var(--nested-dialogs))] left-1/2 -mt-8 w-96 max-w-[calc(100vw-3rem)] -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 scale-[calc(1-0.1*var(--nested-dialogs))] rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-6 text-gray-900 outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:scale-90 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:absolute data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:inset-0 data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:rounded-[inherit] data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:bg-black/5 data-[starting-style]:scale-90 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:outline-gray-300">
          <Dialog.Title className="-mt-1.5 mb-1 text-lg font-medium">Notifications</Dialog.Title>
          <Dialog.Description className="mb-6 text-base text-gray-600">
            You are all caught up. Good job!
          </Dialog.Description>
          <div className="flex items-center justify-end gap-4">
            <div className="mr-auto flex">
              <Dialog.Root>
                <Dialog.Trigger className="-mx-1.5 -my-0.5 flex items-center justify-center rounded-sm px-1.5 py-0.5 text-base font-medium text-blue-800 hover:bg-blue-800/5 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-blue-800/10 dark:hover:bg-blue-800/15 dark:active:bg-blue-800/25">
                  Customize
                </Dialog.Trigger>
                <Dialog.Portal>
                  <Dialog.Popup className="fixed top-[calc(50%+1.25rem*var(--nested-dialogs))] left-1/2 -mt-8 w-96 max-w-[calc(100vw-3rem)] -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 scale-[calc(1-0.1*var(--nested-dialogs))] rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-6 text-gray-900 outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:scale-90 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:absolute data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:inset-0 data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:rounded-[inherit] data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:bg-black/5 data-[starting-style]:scale-90 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:outline-gray-300">
                    <Dialog.Title className="-mt-1.5 mb-1 text-lg font-medium">
                      Customize notification
                    </Dialog.Title>
                    <Dialog.Description className="mb-6 text-base text-gray-600">
                      Review your settings here.
                    </Dialog.Description>
                    <div className="flex items-center justify-end gap-4">
                      <Dialog.Close className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
                        Close
                      </Dialog.Close>
                    </div>
                  </Dialog.Popup>
                </Dialog.Portal>
              </Dialog.Root>
            </div>

            <Dialog.Close className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
              Close
            </Dialog.Close>
          </div>
        </Dialog.Popup>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Button {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  user-select: none;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.GhostButton {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--color-blue);
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  padding: 0.125rem 0.375rem;
  margin: -0.125rem -0.375rem;
  border: 0;
  outline: 0;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: color-mix(in oklch, var(--color-blue), transparent 95%);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: color-mix(in oklch, var(--color-blue), transparent 90%);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    @media (hover: hover) {
      &:hover {
        background-color: color-mix(in oklch, var(--color-blue), transparent 85%);
      }
    }

    &:active {
      background-color: color-mix(in oklch, var(--color-blue), transparent 75%);
    }
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  min-height: 100dvh;
  inset: 0;
  background-color: black;
  opacity: 0.2;
  transition: opacity 150ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005);

  /* iOS 26+: Ensure the backdrop covers the entire visible viewport. */
  @supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
    position: absolute;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  width: 24rem;
  max-width: calc(100vw - 3rem);
  margin-top: -2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  transition: all 150ms;

  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(calc(1 - 0.1 * var(--nested-dialogs)));
  translate: 0 calc(0px + 1.25rem * var(--nested-dialogs));

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }

  &[data-nested-dialog-open] {
    &::after {
      content: '';
      inset: 0;
      position: absolute;
      border-radius: inherit;
      background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 0.05);
    }
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.9);
  }
}

.Title {
  margin-top: -0.375rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  line-height: 1.75rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.0025em;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.Description {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: end;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.ActionsLeft {
  margin-right: auto;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleDialog() {
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button}>View notifications</Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className={styles.Backdrop} />
        <Dialog.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
          <Dialog.Title className={styles.Title}>Notifications</Dialog.Title>
          <Dialog.Description className={styles.Description}>
            You are all caught up. Good job!
          </Dialog.Description>
          <div className={styles.Actions}>
            <div className={styles.ActionsLeft}>
              <Dialog.Root>
                <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.GhostButton}>Customize</Dialog.Trigger>
                <Dialog.Portal>
                  <Dialog.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
                    <Dialog.Title className={styles.Title}>Customize notifications</Dialog.Title>
                    <Dialog.Description className={styles.Description}>
                      Review your settings here.
                    </Dialog.Description>
                    <div className={styles.Actions}>
                      <Dialog.Close className={styles.Button}>Close</Dialog.Close>
                    </div>
                  </Dialog.Popup>
                </Dialog.Portal>
              </Dialog.Root>
            </div>

            <Dialog.Close className={styles.Button}>Close</Dialog.Close>
          </div>
        </Dialog.Popup>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}
```

### Close confirmation

This example shows a nested confirmation dialog that opens if the text entered in the parent dialog is going to be discarded.

To implement this, both dialogs should be controlled. The confirmation dialog may be opened when `onOpenChange` callback of the parent dialog receives a request to close. This way, the confirmation is automatically shown when the user clicks the backdrop, presses the Esc key, or clicks a close button.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { AlertDialog } from '@base-ui/react/alert-dialog';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';

export default function ExampleDialog() {
  const [dialogOpen, setDialogOpen] = React.useState(false);
  const [confirmationOpen, setConfirmationOpen] = React.useState(false);
  const [textareaValue, setTextareaValue] = React.useState('');

  return (
    <Dialog.Root
      open={dialogOpen}
      onOpenChange={(open) => {
        // Show the close confirmation if there’s text in the textarea
        if (!open && textareaValue) {
          setConfirmationOpen(true);
        } else {
          // Reset the text area value
          setTextareaValue('');
          // Open or close the dialog normally
          setDialogOpen(open);
        }
      }}
    >
      <Dialog.Trigger className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
        Tweet
      </Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 min-h-dvh bg-black opacity-20 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:opacity-70 supports-[-webkit-touch-callout:none]:absolute" />
        <Dialog.Popup className="fixed top-[calc(50%+1.25rem*var(--nested-dialogs))] left-1/2 -mt-8 w-96 max-w-[calc(100vw-3rem)] -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 scale-[calc(1-0.1*var(--nested-dialogs))] rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-6 text-gray-900 outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:scale-90 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:absolute data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:inset-0 data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:rounded-[inherit] data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:bg-black/5 data-[starting-style]:scale-90 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:outline-gray-300">
          <Dialog.Title className="-mt-1.5 mb-1 text-lg font-medium">New tweet</Dialog.Title>
          <form
            className="mt-4 flex flex-col gap-6"
            onSubmit={(event) => {
              event.preventDefault();
              // Close the dialog when submitting
              setDialogOpen(false);
            }}
          >
            <textarea
              required
              className="min-h-48 w-full rounded-md border border-gray-200 px-3.5 py-2 text-base text-gray-900 focus:outline focus:outline-2 focus:-outline-offset-1 focus:outline-blue-800"
              placeholder="What’s on your mind?"
              value={textareaValue}
              onChange={(event) => setTextareaValue(event.target.value)}
            />
            <div className="flex justify-end gap-4">
              <Dialog.Close className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
                Cancel
              </Dialog.Close>
              <button
                type="submit"
                className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100"
              >
                Tweet
              </button>
            </div>
          </form>
        </Dialog.Popup>
      </Dialog.Portal>

      {/* Confirmation dialog */}
      <AlertDialog.Root open={confirmationOpen} onOpenChange={setConfirmationOpen}>
        <AlertDialog.Portal>
          <AlertDialog.Popup className="fixed top-[calc(50%+1.25rem*var(--nested-dialogs))] left-1/2 -mt-8 w-96 max-w-[calc(100vw-3rem)] -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 scale-[calc(1-0.1*var(--nested-dialogs))] rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-6 text-gray-900 outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:scale-90 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:absolute data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:inset-0 data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:rounded-[inherit] data-[nested-dialog-open]:after:bg-black/5 data-[starting-style]:scale-90 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:outline-gray-300">
            <AlertDialog.Title className="-mt-1.5 mb-1 text-lg font-medium">
              Discard tweet?
            </AlertDialog.Title>
            <AlertDialog.Description className="mb-6 text-base text-gray-600">
              Your tweet will be lost.
            </AlertDialog.Description>
            <div className="flex items-center justify-end gap-4">
              <AlertDialog.Close className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
                Go back
              </AlertDialog.Close>
              <button
                type="button"
                className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100"
                onClick={() => {
                  setConfirmationOpen(false);
                  setDialogOpen(false);
                }}
              >
                Discard
              </button>
            </div>
          </AlertDialog.Popup>
        </AlertDialog.Portal>
      </AlertDialog.Root>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Button {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  user-select: none;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.GhostButton {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--color-red);
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  padding: 0.125rem 0.375rem;
  margin: -0.125rem -0.375rem;
  border: 0;
  outline: 0;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: color-mix(in oklch, var(--color-red), transparent 95%);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: color-mix(in oklch, var(--color-red), transparent 90%);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    @media (hover: hover) {
      &:hover {
        background-color: color-mix(in oklch, var(--color-red), transparent 85%);
      }
    }

    &:active {
      background-color: color-mix(in oklch, var(--color-red), transparent 75%);
    }
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-red);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  min-height: 100dvh;
  inset: 0;
  background-color: black;
  opacity: 0.2;
  transition: opacity 150ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005);

  /* iOS 26+: Ensure the backdrop covers the entire visible viewport. */
  @supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
    position: absolute;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  width: 24rem;
  max-width: calc(100vw - 3rem);
  margin-top: -2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  transition: all 150ms;

  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(calc(1 - 0.1 * var(--nested-dialogs)));
  translate: 0 calc(0px + 1.25rem * var(--nested-dialogs));

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }

  &[data-nested-dialog-open] {
    &::after {
      content: '';
      inset: 0;
      position: absolute;
      border-radius: inherit;
      background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 0.05);
    }
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.9);
  }
}

.Title {
  margin-top: -0.375rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  line-height: 1.75rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.0025em;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.Description {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: end;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.TextareaContainer {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.Textarea {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  padding-inline: 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 12rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);

  &:focus {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { AlertDialog } from '@base-ui/react/alert-dialog';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleDialog() {
  const [dialogOpen, setDialogOpen] = React.useState(false);
  const [confirmationOpen, setConfirmationOpen] = React.useState(false);
  const [textareaValue, setTextareaValue] = React.useState('');

  return (
    <Dialog.Root
      open={dialogOpen}
      onOpenChange={(open) => {
        // Show the close confirmation if there’s text in the textarea
        if (!open && textareaValue) {
          setConfirmationOpen(true);
        } else {
          // Reset the text area value
          setTextareaValue('');
          // Open or close the dialog normally
          setDialogOpen(open);
        }
      }}
    >
      <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button}>Tweet</Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className={styles.Backdrop} />
        <Dialog.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
          <Dialog.Title className={styles.Title}>New tweet</Dialog.Title>
          <form
            className={styles.TextareaContainer}
            onSubmit={(event) => {
              event.preventDefault();
              // Close the dialog when submitting
              setDialogOpen(false);
            }}
          >
            <textarea
              required
              className={styles.Textarea}
              placeholder="What’s on your mind?"
              value={textareaValue}
              onChange={(event) => setTextareaValue(event.target.value)}
            />
            <div className={styles.Actions}>
              <Dialog.Close className={styles.Button}>Cancel</Dialog.Close>
              <button type="submit" className={styles.Button}>
                Tweet
              </button>
            </div>
          </form>
        </Dialog.Popup>
      </Dialog.Portal>

      {/* Confirmation dialog */}
      <AlertDialog.Root open={confirmationOpen} onOpenChange={setConfirmationOpen}>
        <AlertDialog.Portal>
          <AlertDialog.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
            <AlertDialog.Title className={styles.Title}>Discard tweet?</AlertDialog.Title>
            <AlertDialog.Description className={styles.Description}>
              Your tweet will be lost.
            </AlertDialog.Description>
            <div className={styles.Actions}>
              <AlertDialog.Close className={styles.Button}>Go back</AlertDialog.Close>
              <button
                type="button"
                className={styles.Button}
                onClick={() => {
                  setConfirmationOpen(false);
                  setDialogOpen(false);
                }}
              >
                Discard
              </button>
            </div>
          </AlertDialog.Popup>
        </AlertDialog.Portal>
      </AlertDialog.Root>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}
```

### Outside scroll dialog

The dialog can be made scrollable by using `<Dialog.Viewport>` as an outer scrollable container for `<Dialog.Popup>` while the popup can extend past the bottom edge. The scrollable area uses the [Scroll Area component](/react/components/scroll-area.md) to provide custom scrollbars.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import { ScrollArea } from '@base-ui/react/scroll-area';

export default function OutsideScrollDialog() {
  const popupRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
        Open dialog
      </Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 bg-[linear-gradient(to_bottom,rgb(0_0_0/5%)_0,rgb(0_0_0/10%)_50%)] opacity-100 transition-[backdrop-filter,opacity] duration-[600ms] ease-[var(--ease-out-fast)] backdrop-blur-[1.5px] data-[starting-style]:backdrop-blur-0 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 data-[ending-style]:backdrop-blur-0 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[ending-style]:duration-[350ms] data-[ending-style]:ease-[cubic-bezier(0.375,0.015,0.545,0.455)] dark:opacity-70 supports-[-webkit-touch-callout:none]:absolute" />
        <Dialog.Viewport className="group/dialog fixed inset-0">
          <ScrollArea.Root
            style={{ position: undefined }}
            className="h-full overscroll-contain group-data-[ending-style]/dialog:pointer-events-none"
          >
            <ScrollArea.Viewport className="h-full overscroll-contain group-data-[ending-style]/dialog:pointer-events-none">
              <ScrollArea.Content className="flex min-h-full items-center justify-center">
                <Dialog.Popup
                  ref={popupRef}
                  initialFocus={popupRef}
                  className="outline-0 relative mx-auto my-18 w-[min(40rem,calc(100vw-2rem))] rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-8 text-gray-900 shadow-[0_10px_64px_-10px_rgba(36,40,52,0.2),0_0.25px_0_1px_rgba(229,231,235,1)] transition-transform duration-[700ms] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.45,1.005,0,1.005)] data-[starting-style]:translate-y-[100dvh] data-[ending-style]:translate-y-[max(100dvh,100%)] data-[ending-style]:duration-[350ms] data-[ending-style]:ease-[cubic-bezier(0.375,0.015,0.545,0.455)] dark:outline dark:outline-1 dark:outline-gray-300 motion-reduce:transition-none"
                >
                  <div className="mb-4 flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
                    <Dialog.Title className="m-0 text-xl font-semibold leading-[1.875rem]">
                      Dialog
                    </Dialog.Title>
                    <Dialog.Close
                      aria-label="Close"
                      className="relative top-[-0.5rem] right-[-0.5rem] flex items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 w-[2.25rem] h-[2.25rem] text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100"
                    >
                      <XIcon className="h-[1.1rem] w-[1.1rem]" />
                    </Dialog.Close>
                  </div>

                  <Dialog.Description className="m-0 mb-6 text-base leading-[1.6rem] text-gray-600">
                    This layout keeps an outer container scrollable while the dialog can extend past
                    the bottom edge.
                  </Dialog.Description>

                  <div className="mb-[1.75rem] flex flex-col gap-6">
                    {CONTENT_SECTIONS.map((item) => (
                      <section key={item.title}>
                        <h3 className="m-0 mb-[0.4rem] text-base font-semibold leading-6">
                          {item.title}
                        </h3>
                        <p className="m-0 text-[0.95rem] leading-[1.55rem] text-gray-700">
                          {item.body}
                        </p>
                      </section>
                    ))}
                  </div>
                </Dialog.Popup>
              </ScrollArea.Content>
            </ScrollArea.Viewport>
            <ScrollArea.Scrollbar className="pointer-events-none absolute m-[0.4rem] flex w-[0.25rem] justify-center rounded-[1rem] opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-[250ms] data-[scrolling]:pointer-events-auto data-[scrolling]:opacity-100 data-[scrolling]:duration-[75ms] data-[scrolling]:delay-[0ms] hover:pointer-events-auto hover:opacity-100 hover:duration-[75ms] hover:delay-[0ms] md:w-[0.4375rem] group-data-[ending-style]/dialog:opacity-0 group-data-[ending-style]/dialog:duration-300">
              <ScrollArea.Thumb className="w-full rounded-[inherit] bg-gray-500 before:absolute before:content-[''] before:top-1/2 before:left-1/2 before:h-[calc(100%+1rem)] before:w-[calc(100%+1rem)] before:-translate-x-1/2 before:-translate-y-1/2" />
            </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
          </ScrollArea.Root>
        </Dialog.Viewport>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width="24"
      height="24"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

const CONTENT_SECTIONS = [
  {
    title: 'What a dialog is for',
    body: 'Use a dialog when you need the user to complete a focused task or read something important without navigating away. It opens on top of the page and returns focus back where it started when closed.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Anatomy at a glance',
    body: 'Root, Trigger, Portal, Backdrop, Viewport, Popup, Title, Description, Close. Keep the title short and the first paragraph specific so screen readers announce something meaningful.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Opening and closing',
    body: 'Control it using external state via the `open` and `onOpenChange` props, or let it manage state for you internally.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Keyboard and focus behavior',
    body: 'Focus moves inside the dialog when it opens. Tab and Shift+Tab loop within, and Esc requests close.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Accessible labeling',
    body: 'Set an explicit title and description using the `Dialog.Title` and `Dialog.Description` components.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Backdrop and page scrolling',
    body: 'The backdrop visually separates layers while background content is inert. Don’t rely on dimness alone—keep copy clear and buttons obvious so actions are easy to choose.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Portals and stacking',
    body: 'Dialogs render in a portal so they sit above the `isolation: isolate` app content and avoid local z-index wars.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Viewport overflow',
    body: 'Let long content overflow the bottom edge and reveal as you scroll the page container. Keep generous padding at the top and bottom so the dialog doesn’t feel jammed against the edges.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Nested dialogs and confirmations',
    body: 'If closing a dialog needs confirmation, open a child alert dialog rather than mutating the current one. The parent stays visible behind it; only the topmost layer should feel interactive.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Transitions that respect motion settings',
    body: 'Use small, fast transitions (opacity plus a few pixels of Y translation or scale). Subtle motion helps people notice what changed without slowing them down.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Controlled vs. uncontrolled',
    body: 'Controlled state is best when other parts of the page need to react to open/close. Uncontrolled is fine for local cases where only the dialog matters.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Close affordances',
    body: 'Always offer a visible close button in the corner. Don’t rely only on Esc or the backdrop for pointer outside presses. Touch screen readers and accessibility users benefit from a clear, targetable control to click to close the dialog.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Forms inside dialogs',
    body: 'Keep forms short; longer flows usually deserve a full page. Validate inline, keep button text specific (“Create project”), and disable destructive actions until the input is valid.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Content guidelines',
    body: 'Lead with the outcome (“Rename project?”) and follow with one or two short, concrete sentences. Avoid long prose; link out for details instead.',
  },
  {
    title: 'SSR and hydration notes',
    body: 'Because dialogs render in a portal, make sure your portal container exists on the client.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Mobile ergonomics',
    body: 'Use larger touch targets and keep the close button reachable with the thumb. Avoid full-screen modals unless the task truly needs a whole screen.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Theming and density',
    body: 'Match spacing and corner radius to your system. Use a slightly denser layout than pages so the dialog feels purpose-built, not like a mini web page.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Internationalization',
    body: 'Plan for longer text. Buttons can grow to two lines; titles should wrap gracefully. Keep destructive terms consistent across locales.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Performance',
    body: 'Children are mounted lazily when the dialog opens. If the dialog can reopen often, consider the `keepMounted` prop sparingly to perform the work only once on mount to avoid re-initializing complex React trees on each open.',
  },
  {
    title: 'When a popover is better',
    body: 'If the content is a small hint or a few quick actions anchored to a control, use a popover or menu instead of a dialog. Dialogs interrupt on purpose—use that sparingly.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Follow-up and cleanup',
    body: 'After a successful action, close the dialog and show confirmation in context (toast, inline message, or updated UI) so people can see the result of what they just did.',
  },
];
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Button {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  user-select: none;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  transition-duration: 600ms;
  transition-property: -webkit-backdrop-filter, backdrop-filter, opacity;
  transition-timing-function: var(--ease-out-fast);
  backdrop-filter: blur(1.5px);
  background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgb(0 0 0 / 5%) 0, rgb(0 0 0 / 10%) 50%);

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  @supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
    position: absolute;
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    backdrop-filter: blur(0);
    opacity: 0;
  }

  &[data-ending-style] {
    transition-duration: 350ms;
    transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.375, 0.015, 0.545, 0.455);
  }
}

.Viewport {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
}

.ScrollViewport {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  height: 100%;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;

  [data-ending-style] & {
    pointer-events: none;
  }
}

.ScrollContent {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 100%;
}

.Scrollbar {
  position: absolute;
  display: flex;
  width: 0.25rem;
  margin: 0.4rem;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 250ms;
  pointer-events: none;

  &:hover,
  &[data-scrolling] {
    opacity: 1;
    transition-duration: 75ms;
    transition-delay: 0ms;
    pointer-events: auto;
  }

  [data-ending-style] & {
    transition-duration: 250ms;
    opacity: 0;
  }

  @media (min-width: 768px) {
    width: 0.4375rem;
  }
}

.ScrollbarThumb {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: inherit;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-500);

  &::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    width: calc(100% + 1rem);
    height: calc(100% + 1rem);
  }
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: relative;
  width: min(40rem, calc(100vw - 2rem));
  padding: 2rem;
  margin: 4rem auto;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  box-shadow:
    0 10px 64px -10px rgb(36 40 52 / 20%),
    0 0.25px 0 1px var(--color-gray-200);
  transition: transform 700ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005);
  outline: 0;

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }

  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    transition: none;
  }

  &[data-starting-style] {
    transform: translateY(100dvh);
  }

  &[data-ending-style] {
    transform: translateY(max(100dvh, 100%));
    transition-duration: 350ms;
    transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.375, 0.015, 0.545, 0.455);
  }
}

.PopupHeader {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.Title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.Description {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.6rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Close {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
  right: -0.5rem;
  top: -0.5rem;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 2.25rem;
  height: 2.25rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  transition:
    background-color 120ms ease,
    color 120ms ease;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
      color: var(--color-gray-900);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.CloseIcon {
  width: 1.1rem;
  height: 1.1rem;
}

.Body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}

.SectionTitle {
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.SectionBody {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.55rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-700);
}

.FooterNote {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import { ScrollArea } from '@base-ui/react/scroll-area';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function OutsideScrollDialog() {
  const popupRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button}>Open dialog</Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className={styles.Backdrop} />
        <Dialog.Viewport className={styles.Viewport}>
          <ScrollArea.Root style={{ position: undefined }} className={styles.ScrollViewport}>
            <ScrollArea.Viewport className={styles.ScrollViewport}>
              <ScrollArea.Content className={styles.ScrollContent}>
                <Dialog.Popup ref={popupRef} className={styles.Popup} initialFocus={popupRef}>
                  <div className={styles.PopupHeader}>
                    <Dialog.Title className={styles.Title}>Dialog</Dialog.Title>
                    <Dialog.Close className={styles.Close} aria-label="Close">
                      <XIcon className={styles.CloseIcon} />
                    </Dialog.Close>
                  </div>

                  <Dialog.Description className={styles.Description}>
                    This layout keeps an outer container scrollable while the dialog can extend past
                    the bottom edge.
                  </Dialog.Description>

                  <div className={styles.Body}>
                    {CONTENT_SECTIONS.map((item) => (
                      <section key={item.title}>
                        <h3 className={styles.SectionTitle}>{item.title}</h3>
                        <p className={styles.SectionBody}>{item.body}</p>
                      </section>
                    ))}
                  </div>
                </Dialog.Popup>
              </ScrollArea.Content>
            </ScrollArea.Viewport>
            <ScrollArea.Scrollbar className={styles.Scrollbar}>
              <ScrollArea.Thumb className={styles.ScrollbarThumb} />
            </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
          </ScrollArea.Root>
        </Dialog.Viewport>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width="24"
      height="24"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

const CONTENT_SECTIONS = [
  {
    title: 'What a dialog is for',
    body: 'Use a dialog when you need the user to complete a focused task or read something important without navigating away. It opens on top of the page and returns focus back where it started when closed.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Anatomy at a glance',
    body: 'Root, Trigger, Portal, Backdrop, Viewport, Popup, Title, Description, Close. Keep the title short and the first paragraph specific so screen readers announce something meaningful.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Opening and closing',
    body: 'Control it using external state via the `open` and `onOpenChange` props, or let it manage state for you internally.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Keyboard and focus behavior',
    body: 'Focus moves inside the dialog when it opens. Tab and Shift+Tab loop within, and Esc requests close.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Accessible labeling',
    body: 'Set an explicit title and description using the `Dialog.Title` and `Dialog.Description` components.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Backdrop and page scrolling',
    body: 'The backdrop visually separates layers while background content is inert. Don’t rely on dimness alone—keep copy clear and buttons obvious so actions are easy to choose.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Portals and stacking',
    body: 'Dialogs render in a portal so they sit above the `isolation: isolate` app content and avoid local z-index wars.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Viewport overflow',
    body: 'Let long content overflow the bottom edge and reveal as you scroll the page container. Keep generous padding at the top and bottom so the dialog doesn’t feel jammed against the edges.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Nested dialogs and confirmations',
    body: 'If closing a dialog needs confirmation, open a child alert dialog rather than mutating the current one. The parent stays visible behind it; only the topmost layer should feel interactive.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Transitions that respect motion settings',
    body: 'Use small, fast transitions (opacity plus a few pixels of Y translation or scale). Subtle motion helps people notice what changed without slowing them down.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Controlled vs. uncontrolled',
    body: 'Controlled state is best when other parts of the page need to react to open/close. Uncontrolled is fine for local cases where only the dialog matters.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Close affordances',
    body: 'Always offer a visible close button in the corner. Don’t rely only on Esc or the backdrop for pointer outside presses. Touch screen readers and accessibility users benefit from a clear, targetable control to click to close the dialog.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Forms inside dialogs',
    body: 'Keep forms short; longer flows usually deserve a full page. Validate inline, keep button text specific (“Create project”), and disable destructive actions until the input is valid.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Content guidelines',
    body: 'Lead with the outcome (“Rename project?”) and follow with one or two short, concrete sentences. Avoid long prose; link out for details instead.',
  },
  {
    title: 'SSR and hydration notes',
    body: 'Because dialogs render in a portal, make sure your portal container exists on the client.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Mobile ergonomics',
    body: 'Use larger touch targets and keep the close button reachable with the thumb. Avoid full-screen modals unless the task truly needs a whole screen.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Theming and density',
    body: 'Match spacing and corner radius to your system. Use a slightly denser layout than pages so the dialog feels purpose-built, not like a mini web page.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Internationalization',
    body: 'Plan for longer text. Buttons can grow to two lines; titles should wrap gracefully. Keep destructive terms consistent across locales.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Performance',
    body: 'Children are mounted lazily when the dialog opens. If the dialog can reopen often, consider the `keepMounted` prop sparingly to perform the work only once on mount to avoid re-initializing complex React trees on each open.',
  },
  {
    title: 'When a popover is better',
    body: 'If the content is a small hint or a few quick actions anchored to a control, use a popover or menu instead of a dialog. Dialogs interrupt on purpose—use that sparingly.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Follow-up and cleanup',
    body: 'After a successful action, close the dialog and show confirmation in context (toast, inline message, or updated UI) so people can see the result of what they just did.',
  },
];
```

### Inside scroll dialog

The dialog can be made scrollable by making an inner container scrollable while the popup stays fully on screen. `<Dialog.Viewport>` is used as a positioning container for `<Dialog.Popup>`, while an inner scrollable area is created using the [Scroll Area component](/react/components/scroll-area.md).

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
import * as React from 'react';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import { ScrollArea } from '@base-ui/react/scroll-area';

export default function InsideScrollDialog() {
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
        Open dialog
      </Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 bg-black opacity-20 transition-opacity duration-[250ms] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.45,1.005,0,1.005)] data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 dark:opacity-70 supports-[-webkit-touch-callout:none]:absolute" />
        <Dialog.Viewport className="fixed inset-0 flex items-center justify-center overflow-hidden py-6 [@media(min-height:600px)]:pb-12 [@media(min-height:600px)]:pt-8">
          <Dialog.Popup className="relative flex w-[min(40rem,calc(100vw-2rem))] max-h-full max-w-full min-h-0 flex-col overflow-hidden rounded-lg bg-[var(--color-gray-50)] p-8 text-[var(--color-gray-900)] shadow-[0_24px_45px_rgba(15,23,42,0.18)] outline outline-1 outline-[var(--color-gray-200)] transition-all duration-[300ms] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.45,1.005,0,1.005)] data-[starting-style]:scale-[0.98] data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 data-[ending-style]:scale-[0.98] data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 dark:outline-[var(--color-gray-300)]">
            <div className="mb-2 flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
              <Dialog.Title className="m-0 text-xl font-semibold leading-[1.875rem]">
                Dialog
              </Dialog.Title>
            </div>
            <Dialog.Description className="m-0 mb-4 text-base leading-[1.6rem] text-[var(--color-gray-600)]">
              This layout keeps the popup fully on screen while allowing its content to scroll.
            </Dialog.Description>
            <ScrollArea.Root className="relative flex min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden before:absolute before:top-0 before:h-px before:w-full before:bg-[var(--color-gray-200)] before:content-[''] after:absolute after:bottom-0 after:h-px after:w-full after:bg-[var(--color-gray-200)] after:content-['']">
              <ScrollArea.Viewport className="flex-1 min-h-0 overflow-y-auto overscroll-contain py-6 pr-6 pl-1 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-1 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-[var(--color-blue)]">
                <ScrollArea.Content className="flex flex-col gap-6">
                  {CONTENT_SECTIONS.map((item) => (
                    <section key={item.title}>
                      <h3 className="mb-[0.4rem] text-base font-semibold leading-6">
                        {item.title}
                      </h3>
                      <p className="m-0 text-[0.95rem] leading-[1.55rem] text-[var(--color-gray-700)]">
                        {item.body}
                      </p>
                    </section>
                  ))}
                </ScrollArea.Content>
              </ScrollArea.Viewport>
              <ScrollArea.Scrollbar className="pointer-events-none absolute m-1 flex w-[0.25rem] justify-center rounded-[1rem] opacity-0 transition-opacity duration-[250ms] data-[hovering]:pointer-events-auto data-[hovering]:opacity-100 data-[hovering]:duration-[75ms] data-[scrolling]:pointer-events-auto data-[scrolling]:opacity-100 data-[scrolling]:duration-[75ms] md:w-[0.325rem]">
                <ScrollArea.Thumb className="w-full rounded-[inherit] bg-[var(--color-gray-500)] before:absolute before:left-1/2 before:top-1/2 before:h-[calc(100%+1rem)] before:w-[calc(100%+1rem)] before:-translate-x-1/2 before:-translate-y-1/2 before:content-['']" />
              </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
            </ScrollArea.Root>
            <div className="mt-4 flex justify-end gap-3">
              <Dialog.Close className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
                Close
              </Dialog.Close>
            </div>
          </Dialog.Popup>
        </Dialog.Viewport>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}

const CONTENT_SECTIONS = [
  {
    title: 'What a dialog is for',
    body: 'Use a dialog when you need the user to complete a focused task or read something important without navigating away. It opens on top of the page and returns focus back where it started when closed.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Anatomy at a glance',
    body: 'Root, Trigger, Portal, Backdrop, Popup, Title/Description, Close. Keep the title short and the first paragraph specific so screen readers announce something meaningful.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Opening and closing',
    body: 'Control it using external state via the `open` and `onOpenChange` props, or let it manage state for you internally.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Keyboard and focus behavior',
    body: 'Focus moves inside the dialog when it opens. Tab and Shift+Tab loop within, and Esc requests close.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Accessible labeling',
    body: 'Set an explicit title and description using the `Dialog.Title` and `Dialog.Description` components.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Backdrop and page scrolling',
    body: 'The backdrop visually separates layers while background content is inert. Don’t rely on dimness alone—keep copy clear and buttons obvious so actions are easy to choose.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Portals and stacking',
    body: 'Dialogs render in a portal so they sit above the `isolation: isolate` app content and avoid local z-index wars.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Viewport overflow',
    body: 'Let long content overflow the bottom edge and reveal as you scroll the page container. Keep generous padding at the top and bottom so the dialog doesn’t feel jammed against the edges.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Nested dialogs and confirmations',
    body: 'If closing a dialog needs confirmation, open a child alert dialog rather than mutating the current one. The parent stays visible behind it; only the topmost layer should feel interactive.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Transitions that respect motion settings',
    body: 'Use small, fast transitions (opacity plus a few pixels of Y translation or scale). Subtle motion helps people notice what changed without slowing them down.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Controlled vs. uncontrolled',
    body: 'Controlled state is best when other parts of the page need to react to open/close. Uncontrolled is fine for local cases where only the dialog matters.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Close affordances',
    body: 'Always offer a visible close button in the corner. Don’t rely only on Esc or the backdrop for pointer outside presses. Touch screen readers and accessibility users benefit from a clear, targetable control to click to close the dialog.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Forms inside dialogs',
    body: 'Keep forms short; longer flows usually deserve a full page. Validate inline, keep button text specific (“Create project”), and disable destructive actions until the input is valid.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Content guidelines',
    body: 'Lead with the outcome (“Rename project?”) and follow with one or two short, concrete sentences. Avoid long prose; link out for details instead.',
  },
  {
    title: 'SSR and hydration notes',
    body: 'Because dialogs render in a portal, make sure your portal container exists on the client.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Mobile ergonomics',
    body: 'Use larger touch targets and keep the close button reachable with the thumb. Avoid full-screen modals unless the task truly needs a whole screen.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Theming and density',
    body: 'Match spacing and corner radius to your system. Use a slightly denser layout than pages so the dialog feels purpose-built, not like a mini web page.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Internationalization',
    body: 'Plan for longer text. Buttons can grow to two lines; titles should wrap gracefully. Keep destructive terms consistent across locales.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Performance',
    body: 'Children are mounted lazily when the dialog opens. If the dialog can reopen often, consider the `keepMounted` prop sparingly to perform the work only once on mount to avoid re-initializing complex React trees on each open.',
  },
  {
    title: 'When a popover is better',
    body: 'If the content is a small hint or a few quick actions anchored to a control, use a popover or menu instead of a dialog. Dialogs interrupt on purpose—use that sparingly.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Follow-up and cleanup',
    body: 'After a successful action, close the dialog and show confirmation in context (toast, inline message, or updated UI) so people can see the result of what they just did.',
  },
];
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Button {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  user-select: none;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background-color: black;
  opacity: 0.2;
  transition: opacity 250ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005);

  @supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
    position: absolute;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.Viewport {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
  overflow: hidden;

  @media (min-height: 600px) {
    padding: 2rem 0 3rem;
  }
}

.ScrollViewport {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  height: 100%;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
}

.ScrollContent {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 100%;
}

.Scrollbar {
  position: absolute;
  display: flex;
  width: 0.25rem;
  margin: 0.25rem;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 250ms;
  pointer-events: none;

  &[data-hovering],
  &[data-scrolling] {
    opacity: 1;
    transition-duration: 75ms;
    transition-delay: 0ms;
    pointer-events: auto;
  }

  @media (min-width: 768px) {
    width: 0.325rem;
  }
}

.ScrollbarThumb {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: inherit;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-500);

  &::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    width: calc(100% + 1rem);
    height: calc(100% + 1rem);
  }
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: min(40rem, calc(100vw - 2rem));
  max-height: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  padding: 2rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 45px rgb(15 23 42 / 0.18);
  transition:
    opacity 300ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005),
    transform 300ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005);
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: 0;

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.98);
  }
}

.PopupHeader {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.Title {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.Description {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.6rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Body {
  position: relative;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  display: flex;
  min-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;

  &::before,
  &::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    height: 1px;
    width: 100%;
    background: var(--color-gray-200);
  }

  &::before {
    top: 0;
  }
  &::after {
    bottom: 0;
  }
}

.BodyViewport {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-height: 0;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 1.5rem 0.25rem;

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.BodyContent {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.SectionTitle {
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.SectionBody {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.55rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-700);
}

.FooterNote {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
import * as React from 'react';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import { ScrollArea } from '@base-ui/react/scroll-area';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function InsideScrollDialog() {
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button}>Open dialog</Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className={styles.Backdrop} />
        <Dialog.Viewport className={styles.Viewport}>
          <Dialog.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
            <div className={styles.PopupHeader}>
              <Dialog.Title className={styles.Title}>Dialog</Dialog.Title>
            </div>
            <Dialog.Description className={styles.Description}>
              This layout keeps the popup fully on screen while allowing its content to scroll.
            </Dialog.Description>
            <ScrollArea.Root className={styles.Body}>
              <ScrollArea.Viewport className={styles.BodyViewport}>
                <ScrollArea.Content className={styles.BodyContent}>
                  {CONTENT_SECTIONS.map((item) => (
                    <section key={item.title}>
                      <h3 className={styles.SectionTitle}>{item.title}</h3>
                      <p className={styles.SectionBody}>{item.body}</p>
                    </section>
                  ))}
                </ScrollArea.Content>
              </ScrollArea.Viewport>
              <ScrollArea.Scrollbar className={styles.Scrollbar}>
                <ScrollArea.Thumb className={styles.ScrollbarThumb} />
              </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
            </ScrollArea.Root>
            <div className={styles.Actions}>
              <Dialog.Close className={styles.Button}>Close</Dialog.Close>
            </div>
          </Dialog.Popup>
        </Dialog.Viewport>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}

const CONTENT_SECTIONS = [
  {
    title: 'What a dialog is for',
    body: 'Use a dialog when you need the user to complete a focused task or read something important without navigating away. It opens on top of the page and returns focus back where it started when closed.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Anatomy at a glance',
    body: 'Root, Trigger, Portal, Backdrop, Popup, Title/Description, Close. Keep the title short and the first paragraph specific so screen readers announce something meaningful.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Opening and closing',
    body: 'Control it using external state via the `open` and `onOpenChange` props, or let it manage state for you internally.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Keyboard and focus behavior',
    body: 'Focus moves inside the dialog when it opens. Tab and Shift+Tab loop within, and Esc requests close.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Accessible labeling',
    body: 'Set an explicit title and description using the `Dialog.Title` and `Dialog.Description` components.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Backdrop and page scrolling',
    body: 'The backdrop visually separates layers while background content is inert. Don’t rely on dimness alone—keep copy clear and buttons obvious so actions are easy to choose.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Portals and stacking',
    body: 'Dialogs render in a portal so they sit above the `isolation: isolate` app content and avoid local z-index wars.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Viewport overflow',
    body: 'Let long content overflow the bottom edge and reveal as you scroll the page container. Keep generous padding at the top and bottom so the dialog doesn’t feel jammed against the edges.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Nested dialogs and confirmations',
    body: 'If closing a dialog needs confirmation, open a child alert dialog rather than mutating the current one. The parent stays visible behind it; only the topmost layer should feel interactive.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Transitions that respect motion settings',
    body: 'Use small, fast transitions (opacity plus a few pixels of Y translation or scale). Subtle motion helps people notice what changed without slowing them down.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Controlled vs. uncontrolled',
    body: 'Controlled state is best when other parts of the page need to react to open/close. Uncontrolled is fine for local cases where only the dialog matters.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Close affordances',
    body: 'Always offer a visible close button in the corner. Don’t rely only on Esc or the backdrop for pointer outside presses. Touch screen readers and accessibility users benefit from a clear, targetable control to click to close the dialog.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Forms inside dialogs',
    body: 'Keep forms short; longer flows usually deserve a full page. Validate inline, keep button text specific (“Create project”), and disable destructive actions until the input is valid.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Content guidelines',
    body: 'Lead with the outcome (“Rename project?”) and follow with one or two short, concrete sentences. Avoid long prose; link out for details instead.',
  },
  {
    title: 'SSR and hydration notes',
    body: 'Because dialogs render in a portal, make sure your portal container exists on the client.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Mobile ergonomics',
    body: 'Use larger touch targets and keep the close button reachable with the thumb. Avoid full-screen modals unless the task truly needs a whole screen.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Theming and density',
    body: 'Match spacing and corner radius to your system. Use a slightly denser layout than pages so the dialog feels purpose-built, not like a mini web page.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Internationalization',
    body: 'Plan for longer text. Buttons can grow to two lines; titles should wrap gracefully. Keep destructive terms consistent across locales.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Performance',
    body: 'Children are mounted lazily when the dialog opens. If the dialog can reopen often, consider the `keepMounted` prop sparingly to perform the work only once on mount to avoid re-initializing complex React trees on each open.',
  },
  {
    title: 'When a popover is better',
    body: 'If the content is a small hint or a few quick actions anchored to a control, use a popover or menu instead of a dialog. Dialogs interrupt on purpose—use that sparingly.',
  },
  {
    title: 'Follow-up and cleanup',
    body: 'After a successful action, close the dialog and show confirmation in context (toast, inline message, or updated UI) so people can see the result of what they just did.',
  },
];
```

### Placing elements outside the popup

When adding elements that should appear "outside" the colored popup area, continue to place them inside `<Dialog.Popup>`, but create a child element that has the popup styles. This ensures they are kept in the tab order and announced correctly by screen readers.

`<Dialog.Popup>` has `pointer-events: none`, while inner content (the colored popup and close button) has `pointer-events: auto` so clicks on the backdrop continue to be registered.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';

export default function ExampleUncontainedDialog() {
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
        Open dialog
      </Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 min-h-dvh bg-black opacity-70 backdrop-blur-[2px] transition-[opacity,backdrop-filter] duration-150 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 supports-[-webkit-touch-callout:none]:absolute dark:opacity-70" />
        <Dialog.Viewport className="fixed inset-0 grid place-items-center px-4 py-10 xl:py-6">
          <Dialog.Popup className="group/popup flex h-full w-full justify-center pointer-events-none transition-opacity duration-150 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0">
            <Dialog.Close
              className="absolute right-3 top-2 flex h-7 w-7 items-center justify-center rounded-md border-0 bg-transparent text-gray-50 hover:bg-white/10 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-gray-50 xl:right-3 xl:top-3 xl:h-10 xl:w-10 dark:text-gray-900 dark:focus-visible:outline-gray-900 pointer-events-auto"
              aria-label="Close"
            >
              <XIcon className="h-8 w-8" />
            </Dialog.Close>
            <div className="pointer-events-auto box-border h-full w-full max-w-[70rem] rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-6 text-gray-900 outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-transform duration-500 ease-[cubic-bezier(0.22,1,0.36,1)] group-data-[starting-style]/popup:scale-110 dark:outline-gray-300" />
          </Dialog.Popup>
        </Dialog.Viewport>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width="24"
      height="24"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Button {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  user-select: none;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  min-height: 100dvh;
  inset: 0;
  background-color: black;
  opacity: 0.7;
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  transition:
    opacity 150ms,
    backdrop-filter 150ms;

  /* iOS 26+: Ensure the backdrop covers the entire visible viewport. */
  @supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
    position: absolute;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.Viewport {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 2.5rem 1rem;

  @media (min-width: 80rem) {
    padding-block: 1.5rem;
  }
}

.PopupRoot {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  transition: opacity 150ms;
  pointer-events: none;

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  max-width: 70rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  pointer-events: auto;
  outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  transition: transform 500ms cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }

  [data-starting-style] & {
    transform: scale(1.1);
  }
}

.Close {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.5rem;
  right: 0.75rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  pointer-events: auto;
  width: 1.75rem;
  height: 1.75rem;
  margin: 0;
  border: none;
  color: var(--color-gray-50);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    color: var(--color-gray-900);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-gray-50);
    outline-offset: -1px;

    @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
      outline-color: var(--color-gray-900);
    }
  }

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: rgb(255 255 255 / 0.1);
    }
  }

  @media (min-width: 80rem) {
    top: 0.75rem;
    width: 2.5rem;
    height: 2.5rem;
  }
}

.CloseIcon {
  width: 2rem;
  height: 2rem;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleUncontainedDialog() {
  return (
    <Dialog.Root>
      <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button}>Open dialog</Dialog.Trigger>
      <Dialog.Portal>
        <Dialog.Backdrop className={styles.Backdrop} />
        <Dialog.Viewport className={styles.Viewport}>
          <Dialog.Popup className={styles.PopupRoot}>
            <Dialog.Close className={styles.Close} aria-label="Close">
              <XIcon className={styles.CloseIcon} />
            </Dialog.Close>
            <div className={styles.Popup} />
          </Dialog.Popup>
        </Dialog.Viewport>
      </Dialog.Portal>
    </Dialog.Root>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width="24"
      height="24"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}
```

### Detached triggers

A dialog can be controlled by a trigger located either inside or outside the `<Dialog.Root>` component.
For simple, one-off interactions, place the `<Dialog.Trigger>` inside `<Dialog.Root>`, as shown in the example at the top of this page.

However, if defining the dialog's content next to its trigger is not practical, you can use a detached trigger.
This involves placing the `<Dialog.Trigger>` outside of `<Dialog.Root>` and linking them with a `handle` created by the `Dialog.createHandle()` function.

```jsx title="Detached triggers" {3,5} "handle={demoDialog}"
const demoDialog = Dialog.createHandle();

<Dialog.Trigger handle={demoDialog}>Open</Dialog.Trigger>

<Dialog.Root handle={demoDialog}>
  ...
</Dialog.Root>
```

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';

const demoDialog = Dialog.createHandle();

export default function DialogDetachedTriggersSimpleDemo() {
  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <Dialog.Trigger
        className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100"
        handle={demoDialog}
      >
        View notifications
      </Dialog.Trigger>

      <Dialog.Root handle={demoDialog}>
        <Dialog.Portal>
          <Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 min-h-dvh bg-black opacity-20 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:opacity-70 supports-[-webkit-touch-callout:none]:absolute" />
          <Dialog.Popup className="fixed top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 w-96 max-w-[calc(100vw-3rem)] -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-6 text-gray-900 outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:scale-90 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:scale-90 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:outline-gray-300">
            <Dialog.Title className="-mt-1.5 mb-1 text-lg font-medium">Notifications</Dialog.Title>
            <Dialog.Description className="mb-6 text-base text-gray-600">
              You are all caught up. Good job!
            </Dialog.Description>
            <div className="flex justify-end gap-4">
              <Dialog.Close className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
                Close
              </Dialog.Close>
            </div>
          </Dialog.Popup>
        </Dialog.Portal>
      </Dialog.Root>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Button {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  user-select: none;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  min-height: 100dvh;
  inset: 0;
  background-color: black;
  opacity: 0.2;
  transition: opacity 150ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005);

  /* iOS 26+: Ensure the backdrop covers the entire visible viewport. */
  @supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
    position: absolute;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 24rem;
  max-width: calc(100vw - 3rem);
  margin-top: -2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  transition: all 150ms;

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.9);
  }
}

.Title {
  margin-top: -0.375rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  line-height: 1.75rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.0025em;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.Description {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: end;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.Container {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import styles from './index.module.css';

const demoDialog = Dialog.createHandle();

export default function DialogDetachedTriggersSimpleDemo() {
  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button} handle={demoDialog}>
        View notifications
      </Dialog.Trigger>

      <Dialog.Root handle={demoDialog}>
        <Dialog.Portal>
          <Dialog.Backdrop className={styles.Backdrop} />
          <Dialog.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
            <Dialog.Title className={styles.Title}>Notifications</Dialog.Title>
            <Dialog.Description className={styles.Description}>
              You are all caught up. Good job!
            </Dialog.Description>
            <div className={styles.Actions}>
              <Dialog.Close className={styles.Button}>Close</Dialog.Close>
            </div>
          </Dialog.Popup>
        </Dialog.Portal>
      </Dialog.Root>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}
```

### Multiple triggers

A single dialog can be opened by multiple trigger elements.
You can achieve this by using the same `handle` for several detached triggers, or by placing multiple `<Dialog.Trigger>` components inside a single `<Dialog.Root>`.

```jsx title="Multiple triggers within the Root part"
<Dialog.Root>
  <Dialog.Trigger>Trigger 1</Dialog.Trigger>
  <Dialog.Trigger>Trigger 2</Dialog.Trigger>
  ...
</Dialog.Root>
```

```jsx title="Multiple detached triggers"
const demoDialog = Dialog.createHandle();

<Dialog.Trigger handle={demoDialog}>Trigger 1</Dialog.Trigger>
<Dialog.Trigger handle={demoDialog}>Trigger 2</Dialog.Trigger>
<Dialog.Root handle={demoDialog}>
  ...
</Dialog.Root>
```

The dialog can render different content depending on which trigger opened it.
This is achieved by passing a `payload` to the `<Dialog.Trigger>` and using the function-as-a-child pattern in `<Dialog.Root>`.

The payload can be strongly typed by providing a type argument to the `createHandle()` function:

```jsx title="Detached triggers with payload" {1,3,7,12}
const demoDialog = Dialog.createHandle<{ text: string }>();

<Dialog.Trigger handle={demoDialog} payload={{ text: 'Trigger 1' }}>
  Trigger 1
</Dialog.Trigger>

<Dialog.Trigger handle={demoDialog} payload={{ text: 'Trigger 2' }}>
  Trigger 2
</Dialog.Trigger>

<Dialog.Root handle={demoDialog}>
  {({ payload }) => (
    <Dialog.Portal>
      <Dialog.Popup>
        <Dialog.Title>Dialog</Dialog.Title>
        {payload !== undefined && (
          <Dialog.Description>
            This has been opened by {payload.text}
          </Dialog.Description>
        )}
      </Dialog.Popup>
    </Dialog.Portal>
  )}
</Dialog.Root>
```

### Controlled mode with multiple triggers

You can control the dialog's open state externally using the `open` and `onOpenChange` props on `<Dialog.Root>`.
This allows you to manage the dialog's visibility based on your application's state.
When using multiple triggers, you have to manage which trigger is active with the `triggerId` prop on `<Dialog.Root>` and the `id` prop on each `<Dialog.Trigger>`.

Note that there is no separate `onTriggerIdChange` prop.
Instead, the `onOpenChange` callback receives an additional argument, `eventDetails`, which contains the trigger element that initiated the state change.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';

const demoDialog = Dialog.createHandle<number>();

export default function DialogDetachedTriggersControlledDemo() {
  const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
  const [triggerId, setTriggerId] = React.useState<string | null>(null);

  const handleOpenChange = (isOpen: boolean, eventDetails: Dialog.Root.ChangeEventDetails) => {
    setOpen(isOpen);
    setTriggerId(eventDetails.trigger?.id ?? null);
  };

  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <div className="flex gap-2 flex-wrap justify-center">
        <Dialog.Trigger
          className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100"
          handle={demoDialog}
          id="trigger-1"
          payload={1}
        >
          Open 1
        </Dialog.Trigger>

        <Dialog.Trigger
          className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100"
          handle={demoDialog}
          id="trigger-2"
          payload={2}
        >
          Open 2
        </Dialog.Trigger>

        <Dialog.Trigger
          className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100"
          handle={demoDialog}
          id="trigger-3"
          payload={3}
        >
          Open 3
        </Dialog.Trigger>

        <button
          type="button"
          className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100"
          onClick={() => {
            setTriggerId('trigger-2');
            setOpen(true);
          }}
        >
          Open programmatically
        </button>
      </div>

      <Dialog.Root
        handle={demoDialog}
        open={open}
        onOpenChange={handleOpenChange}
        triggerId={triggerId}
      >
        {({ payload }) => (
          <Dialog.Portal>
            <Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 min-h-dvh bg-black opacity-20 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:opacity-70 supports-[-webkit-touch-callout:none]:absolute" />
            <Dialog.Popup className="fixed top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 w-96 max-w-[calc(100vw-3rem)] -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-6 text-gray-900 outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-all duration-150 data-[ending-style]:scale-90 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:scale-90 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:outline-gray-300">
              <Dialog.Title className="-mt-1.5 mb-1 text-lg font-medium">
                Dialog {payload}
              </Dialog.Title>

              <div className="flex justify-end gap-4">
                <Dialog.Close className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
                  Close
                </Dialog.Close>
              </div>
            </Dialog.Popup>
          </Dialog.Portal>
        )}
      </Dialog.Root>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Button {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  user-select: none;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  min-height: 100dvh;
  inset: 0;
  background-color: black;
  opacity: 0.2;
  transition: opacity 150ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005);

  /* iOS 26+: Ensure the backdrop covers the entire visible viewport. */
  @supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
    position: absolute;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 24rem;
  max-width: calc(100vw - 3rem);
  margin-top: -2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  transition: all 150ms;

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.9);
  }
}

.Title {
  margin-top: -0.375rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  line-height: 1.75rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.0025em;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.Description {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: end;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.Container {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import styles from './index.module.css';

const demoDialog = Dialog.createHandle<number>();

export default function DialogDetachedTriggersControlledDemo() {
  const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
  const [triggerId, setTriggerId] = React.useState<string | null>(null);

  const handleOpenChange = (isOpen: boolean, eventDetails: Dialog.Root.ChangeEventDetails) => {
    setOpen(isOpen);
    setTriggerId(eventDetails.trigger?.id ?? null);
  };

  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <div className={styles.Container}>
        <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button} handle={demoDialog} id="trigger-1" payload={1}>
          Open 1
        </Dialog.Trigger>

        <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button} handle={demoDialog} id="trigger-2" payload={2}>
          Open 2
        </Dialog.Trigger>

        <Dialog.Trigger className={styles.Button} handle={demoDialog} id="trigger-3" payload={3}>
          Open 3
        </Dialog.Trigger>

        <button
          className={styles.Button}
          type="button"
          onClick={() => {
            setTriggerId('trigger-2');
            setOpen(true);
          }}
        >
          Open programmatically
        </button>
      </div>

      <Dialog.Root
        handle={demoDialog}
        open={open}
        onOpenChange={handleOpenChange}
        triggerId={triggerId}
      >
        {({ payload }) => (
          <Dialog.Portal>
            <Dialog.Backdrop className={styles.Backdrop} />
            <Dialog.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
              {payload !== undefined && (
                <Dialog.Title className={styles.Title}>Dialog {payload}</Dialog.Title>
              )}
              <div className={styles.Actions}>
                <Dialog.Close className={styles.Button}>Close</Dialog.Close>
              </div>
            </Dialog.Popup>
          </Dialog.Portal>
        )}
      </Dialog.Root>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}
```

## API reference

### Root

Groups all parts of the dialog.
Doesn’t render its own HTML element.

**Root Props:**

| Prop                                                    | Type                                                                      | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| :------------------------------------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :------ | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| defaultOpen                                             | `boolean`                                                                 | `false` | Whether the dialog is initially open.To render a controlled dialog, use the `open` prop instead.                                                                                                                                                                        |
| open                                                    | `boolean`                                                                 | -       | Whether the dialog is currently open.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| onOpenChange                                            | `((open: boolean, eventDetails: Dialog.Root.ChangeEventDetails) => void)` | -       | Event handler called when the dialog is opened or closed.                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| actionsRef                                              | `RefObject<Dialog.Root.Actions \| null>`                                  | -       | A ref to imperative actions.\* `unmount`: When specified, the dialog will not be unmounted when closed.&#xA;Instead, the `unmount` function must be called to unmount the dialog manually.&#xA;Useful when the dialog's animation is controlled by an external library. |
| \* `close`: Closes the dialog imperatively when called. |
| defaultTriggerId                                        | `string \| null`                                                          | -       | ID of the trigger that the dialog is associated with.&#xA;This is useful in conjunction with the `defaultOpen` prop to create an initially open dialog.                                                                                                                 |
| disablePointerDismissal                                 | `boolean`                                                                 | `false` | Determines whether the dialog should close on outside clicks.                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| handle                                                  | `Dialog.Handle<Payload>`                                                  | -       | A handle to associate the dialog with a trigger.&#xA;If specified, allows external triggers to control the dialog's open state.&#xA;Can be created with the Dialog.createHandle() method.                                                                               |
| modal                                                   | `boolean \| 'trap-focus'`                                                 | `true`  | Determines if the dialog enters a modal state when open.\* `true`: user interaction is limited to just the dialog: focus is trapped, document page scroll is locked, and pointer interactions on outside elements are disabled.                                         |

- `false`: user interaction with the rest of the document is allowed.
- `'trap-focus'`: focus is trapped inside the dialog, but document page scroll is not locked and pointer interactions outside of it remain enabled. |
  | onOpenChangeComplete | `((open: boolean) => void)` | - | Event handler called after any animations complete when the dialog is opened or closed. |
  | triggerId | `string \| null` | - | ID of the trigger that the dialog is associated with.&#xA;This is useful in conjunction with the `open` prop to create a controlled dialog.&#xA;There's no need to specify this prop when the popover is uncontrolled (i.e. when the `open` prop is not set). |
  | children | `ReactNode \| PayloadChildRenderFunction<Payload>` | - | The content of the dialog.&#xA;This can be a regular React node or a render function that receives the `payload` of the active trigger. |

### Trigger

A button that opens the dialog.
Renders a `<button>` element.

**Trigger Props:**

| Prop         | Type                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| :----------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| handle       | `Dialog.Handle<Payload>`                                                            | -       | A handle to associate the trigger with a dialog.&#xA;Can be created with the Dialog.createHandle() method.                                                                                               |
| nativeButton | `boolean`                                                                           | `true`  | Whether the component renders a native `<button>` element when replacing it&#xA;via the `render` prop.&#xA;Set to `false` if the rendered element is not a button (e.g. `<div>`).                        |
| payload      | `Payload`                                                                           | -       | A payload to pass to the dialog when it is opened.                                                                                                                                                       |
| id           | `string`                                                                            | -       | ID of the trigger. In addition to being forwarded to the rendered element,&#xA;it is also used to specify the active trigger for the dialogs in controlled mode (with the Dialog.Root `triggerId` prop). |
| className    | `string \| ((state: Dialog.Trigger.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                                 |
| style        | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Dialog.Trigger.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| render       | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Dialog.Trigger.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render.             |

**Trigger Data Attributes:**

| Attribute       | Type | Description                                    |
| :-------------- | :--- | :--------------------------------------------- |
| data-popup-open | -    | Present when the corresponding dialog is open. |
| data-disabled   | -    | Present when the trigger is disabled.          |

### Portal

A portal element that moves the popup to a different part of the DOM.
By default, the portal element is appended to `<body>`.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Portal Props:**

| Prop        | Type                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :---------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| container   | `HTMLElement \| ShadowRoot \| RefObject<HTMLElement \| ShadowRoot \| null> \| null` | -       | A parent element to render the portal element into.                                                                                                                                          |
| className   | `string \| ((state: Dialog.Portal.State) => string \| undefined)`                   | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style       | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Dialog.Portal.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`     | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| keepMounted | `boolean`                                                                           | `false` | Whether to keep the portal mounted in the DOM while the popup is hidden.                                                                                                                     |
| render      | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Dialog.Portal.State) => ReactElement)`  | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Backdrop

An overlay displayed beneath the popup.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Backdrop Props:**

| Prop        | Type                                                                                 | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :---------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| forceRender | `boolean`                                                                            | `false` | Whether the backdrop is forced to render even when nested.                                                                                                                                   |
| className   | `string \| ((state: Dialog.Backdrop.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style       | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Dialog.Backdrop.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render      | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Dialog.Backdrop.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Backdrop Data Attributes:**

| Attribute           | Type | Description                               |
| :------------------ | :--- | :---------------------------------------- |
| data-open           | -    | Present when the dialog is open.          |
| data-closed         | -    | Present when the dialog is closed.        |
| data-starting-style | -    | Present when the dialog is animating in.  |
| data-ending-style   | -    | Present when the dialog is animating out. |

### Viewport

A positioning container for the dialog popup that can be made scrollable.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Viewport Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                 | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Dialog.Viewport.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Dialog.Viewport.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Dialog.Viewport.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Viewport Data Attributes:**

| Attribute               | Type | Description                                                      |
| :---------------------- | :--- | :--------------------------------------------------------------- |
| data-open               | -    | Present when the dialog is open.                                 |
| data-closed             | -    | Present when the dialog is closed.                               |
| data-nested             | -    | Present when the dialog is nested within another dialog.         |
| data-nested-dialog-open | -    | Present when the dialog has other open dialogs nested within it. |
| data-starting-style     | -    | Present when the dialog is animating in.                         |
| data-ending-style       | -    | Present when the dialog is animating out.                        |

### Popup

A container for the dialog contents.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Popup Props:**

| Prop         | Type                                                                                                                   | Default | Description                                                                              |
| :----------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| initialFocus | `boolean \| RefObject<HTMLElement \| null> \| ((openType: InteractionType) => boolean \| void \| HTMLElement \| null)` | -       | Determines the element to focus when the dialog is opened.\* `false`: Do not move focus. |

- `true`: Move focus based on the default behavior (first tabbable element or popup).
- `RefObject`: Move focus to the ref element.
- `function`: Called with the interaction type (`mouse`, `touch`, `pen`, or `keyboard`).&#xA;Return an element to focus, `true` to use the default behavior, or `false`/`undefined` to do nothing. |
  | finalFocus | `boolean \| RefObject<HTMLElement \| null> \| ((closeType: InteractionType) => boolean \| void \| HTMLElement \| null)` | - | Determines the element to focus when the dialog is closed.\* `false`: Do not move focus.
- `true`: Move focus based on the default behavior (trigger or previously focused element).
- `RefObject`: Move focus to the ref element.
- `function`: Called with the interaction type (`mouse`, `touch`, `pen`, or `keyboard`).&#xA;Return an element to focus, `true` to use the default behavior, or `false`/`undefined` to do nothing. |
  | className | `string \| ((state: Dialog.Popup.State) => string \| undefined)` | - | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state. |
  | style | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Dialog.Popup.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)` | - | - |
  | render | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Dialog.Popup.State) => ReactElement)` | - | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Popup Data Attributes:**

| Attribute               | Type | Description                                                      |
| :---------------------- | :--- | :--------------------------------------------------------------- |
| data-open               | -    | Present when the dialog is open.                                 |
| data-closed             | -    | Present when the dialog is closed.                               |
| data-nested             | -    | Present when the dialog is nested within another dialog.         |
| data-nested-dialog-open | -    | Present when the dialog has other open dialogs nested within it. |
| data-starting-style     | -    | Present when the dialog is animating in.                         |
| data-ending-style       | -    | Present when the dialog is animating out.                        |

**Popup CSS Variables:**

| Variable         | Type     | Default | Description                                   |
| :--------------- | :------- | :------ | :-------------------------------------------- |
| --nested-dialogs | `number` | -       | Indicates how many dialogs are nested within. |

### Title

A heading that labels the dialog.
Renders an `<h2>` element.

**Title Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                              | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Dialog.Title.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Dialog.Title.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Dialog.Title.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Description

A paragraph with additional information about the dialog.
Renders a `<p>` element.

**Description Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                    | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Dialog.Description.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Dialog.Description.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Dialog.Description.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Close

A button that closes the dialog.
Renders a `<button>` element.

**Close Props:**

| Prop         | Type                                                                              | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :----------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| nativeButton | `boolean`                                                                         | `true`  | Whether the component renders a native `<button>` element when replacing it&#xA;via the `render` prop.&#xA;Set to `false` if the rendered element is not a button (e.g. `<div>`).            |
| className    | `string \| ((state: Dialog.Close.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style        | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Dialog.Close.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render       | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Dialog.Close.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Close Data Attributes:**

| Attribute     | Type | Description                          |
| :------------ | :--- | :----------------------------------- |
| data-disabled | -    | Present when the button is disabled. |