---
title: Combobox
subtitle: An input combined with a list of predefined items to select.
description: A high-quality, unstyled React combobox component that renders an input combined with a list of predefined items to select.
---

# Combobox

A high-quality, unstyled React combobox component that renders an input combined with a list of predefined items to select.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';

export default function ExampleCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();
  return (
    <Combobox.Root items={fruits}>
      <div className="relative flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm leading-5 font-medium text-gray-900">
        <label htmlFor={id}>Choose a fruit</label>
        <div className="relative [&>input]:pr-[calc(0.5rem+1.5rem)] has-[.combobox-clear]:[&>input]:pr-[calc(0.5rem+1.5rem*2)]">
          <Combobox.Input
            placeholder="e.g. Apple"
            id={id}
            className="h-10 w-64 rounded-md font-normal border border-gray-200 pl-3.5 text-base text-gray-900 bg-[canvas] focus:outline focus:outline-2 focus:-outline-offset-1 focus:outline-blue-800"
          />
          <div className="absolute right-2 bottom-0 flex h-10 items-center justify-center text-gray-600">
            <Combobox.Clear
              className="combobox-clear flex h-10 w-6 items-center justify-center rounded bg-transparent p-0"
              aria-label="Clear selection"
            >
              <ClearIcon className="size-4" />
            </Combobox.Clear>
            <Combobox.Trigger
              className="flex h-10 w-6 items-center justify-center rounded bg-transparent p-0"
              aria-label="Open popup"
            >
              <ChevronDownIcon className="size-4" />
            </Combobox.Trigger>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className="outline-none" sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup className="w-[var(--anchor-width)] max-h-[23rem] max-w-[var(--available-width)] origin-[var(--transform-origin)] rounded-md bg-[canvas] text-gray-900 shadow-lg shadow-gray-200 outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-[transform,scale,opacity] data-[ending-style]:scale-95 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:scale-95 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:shadow-none dark:-outline-offset-1 dark:outline-gray-300 duration-100">
            <Combobox.Empty className="p-4 text-[0.925rem] leading-4 text-gray-600 empty:m-0 empty:p-0">
              No fruits found.
            </Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List className="outline-0 overflow-y-auto scroll-py-[0.5rem] py-2 overscroll-contain max-h-[min(23rem,var(--available-height))] data-[empty]:p-0">
              {(item: Fruit) => (
                <Combobox.Item
                  key={item.value}
                  value={item}
                  className="grid cursor-default grid-cols-[0.75rem_1fr] items-center gap-2 py-2 pr-8 pl-4 text-base leading-4 outline-none select-none data-[highlighted]:relative data-[highlighted]:z-0 data-[highlighted]:text-gray-50 data-[highlighted]:before:absolute data-[highlighted]:before:inset-x-2 data-[highlighted]:before:inset-y-0 data-[highlighted]:before:z-[-1] data-[highlighted]:before:rounded-sm data-[highlighted]:before:bg-gray-900"
                >
                  <Combobox.ItemIndicator className="col-start-1">
                    <CheckIcon className="size-3" />
                  </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                  <div className="col-start-2">{item.label}</div>
                </Combobox.Item>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ClearIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6L6 18" />
      <path d="M6 6l12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ChevronDownIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface Fruit {
  label: string;
  value: string;
}

const fruits: Fruit[] = [
  { label: 'Apple', value: 'apple' },
  { label: 'Banana', value: 'banana' },
  { label: 'Orange', value: 'orange' },
  { label: 'Pineapple', value: 'pineapple' },
  { label: 'Grape', value: 'grape' },
  { label: 'Mango', value: 'mango' },
  { label: 'Strawberry', value: 'strawberry' },
  { label: 'Blueberry', value: 'blueberry' },
  { label: 'Raspberry', value: 'raspberry' },
  { label: 'Blackberry', value: 'blackberry' },
  { label: 'Cherry', value: 'cherry' },
  { label: 'Peach', value: 'peach' },
  { label: 'Pear', value: 'pear' },
  { label: 'Plum', value: 'plum' },
  { label: 'Kiwi', value: 'kiwi' },
  { label: 'Watermelon', value: 'watermelon' },
  { label: 'Cantaloupe', value: 'cantaloupe' },
  { label: 'Honeydew', value: 'honeydew' },
  { label: 'Papaya', value: 'papaya' },
  { label: 'Guava', value: 'guava' },
  { label: 'Lychee', value: 'lychee' },
  { label: 'Pomegranate', value: 'pomegranate' },
  { label: 'Apricot', value: 'apricot' },
  { label: 'Grapefruit', value: 'grapefruit' },
  { label: 'Passionfruit', value: 'passionfruit' },
];
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Input {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-left: 0.875rem;
  padding-right: calc(0.5rem + 1.5rem);
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  width: 16rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);

  &:focus {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Label {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  position: relative;
}

.InputWrapper {
  position: relative;

  &:has(.Clear) .Input {
    padding-right: calc(0.5rem + 1.5rem * 2);
  }
}

.ActionButtons {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: absolute;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  bottom: 0;
  height: 2.5rem;
  right: 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  border: none;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 0;
}

.Trigger,
.Clear {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 1.5rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  background: none;
}

.ClearIcon,
.TriggerIcon {
  width: 1rem;
  height: 1rem;
}

.Positioner {
  outline: 0;
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  width: var(--anchor-width);
  max-height: 23rem;
  max-width: var(--available-width);
  transition:
    opacity 0.1s,
    transform 0.1s;
  transform-origin: var(--transform-origin);

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.95);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    box-shadow:
      0 10px 15px -3px var(--color-gray-200),
      0 4px 6px -4px var(--color-gray-200);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.List {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  overflow-y: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  scroll-padding-block: 0.5rem;
  outline: 0;
  max-height: min(23rem, var(--available-height));

  &[data-empty] {
    padding: 0;
  }
}

.Item {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;
  user-select: none;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  padding-right: 2rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: 0.75rem 1fr;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1rem;

  &[data-highlighted] {
    z-index: 0;
    position: relative;
    color: var(--color-gray-50);
  }

  &[data-highlighted]::before {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 0;
    inset-inline: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 0.25rem;
    background-color: var(--color-gray-900);
  }
}

.ItemText {
  grid-column-start: 2;
}

.ItemIndicator {
  grid-column-start: 1;
}

.ItemIndicatorIcon {
  display: block;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
}

.Empty:not(:empty) {
  font-size: 0.925rem;
  line-height: 1rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 1rem;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();
  return (
    <Combobox.Root items={fruits}>
      <div className={styles.Label}>
        <label htmlFor={id}>Choose a fruit</label>
        <div className={styles.InputWrapper}>
          <Combobox.Input placeholder="e.g. Apple" id={id} className={styles.Input} />
          <div className={styles.ActionButtons}>
            <Combobox.Clear className={styles.Clear} aria-label="Clear selection">
              <ClearIcon className={styles.ClearIcon} />
            </Combobox.Clear>
            <Combobox.Trigger className={styles.Trigger} aria-label="Open popup">
              <ChevronDownIcon className={styles.TriggerIcon} />
            </Combobox.Trigger>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className={styles.Positioner} sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
            <Combobox.Empty className={styles.Empty}>No fruits found.</Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List className={styles.List}>
              {(item: Fruit) => (
                <Combobox.Item key={item.value} value={item} className={styles.Item}>
                  <Combobox.ItemIndicator className={styles.ItemIndicator}>
                    <CheckIcon className={styles.ItemIndicatorIcon} />
                  </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                  <div className={styles.ItemText}>{item.label}</div>
                </Combobox.Item>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ClearIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6L6 18" />
      <path d="M6 6l12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ChevronDownIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface Fruit {
  label: string;
  value: string;
}

const fruits: Fruit[] = [
  { label: 'Apple', value: 'apple' },
  { label: 'Banana', value: 'banana' },
  { label: 'Orange', value: 'orange' },
  { label: 'Pineapple', value: 'pineapple' },
  { label: 'Grape', value: 'grape' },
  { label: 'Mango', value: 'mango' },
  { label: 'Strawberry', value: 'strawberry' },
  { label: 'Blueberry', value: 'blueberry' },
  { label: 'Raspberry', value: 'raspberry' },
  { label: 'Blackberry', value: 'blackberry' },
  { label: 'Cherry', value: 'cherry' },
  { label: 'Peach', value: 'peach' },
  { label: 'Pear', value: 'pear' },
  { label: 'Plum', value: 'plum' },
  { label: 'Kiwi', value: 'kiwi' },
  { label: 'Watermelon', value: 'watermelon' },
  { label: 'Cantaloupe', value: 'cantaloupe' },
  { label: 'Honeydew', value: 'honeydew' },
  { label: 'Papaya', value: 'papaya' },
  { label: 'Guava', value: 'guava' },
  { label: 'Lychee', value: 'lychee' },
  { label: 'Pomegranate', value: 'pomegranate' },
  { label: 'Apricot', value: 'apricot' },
  { label: 'Grapefruit', value: 'grapefruit' },
  { label: 'Passionfruit', value: 'passionfruit' },
];
```

## Usage guidelines

- **Combobox is a filterable Select**: Use Combobox when the input is restricted to a set of predefined selectable items, similar to [Select](/react/components/select.md) but whose items are filterable using an input. Prefer using Combobox over Select when the number of items is sufficiently large to warrant filtering.
- **Avoid for simple search widgets**: Combobox does not allow free-form text input. For search widgets, consider using [Autocomplete](/react/components/autocomplete.md) instead.
- **Avoid when not rendering an input**: Use [Select](/react/components/select.md) instead of Combobox if no input is being rendered, which includes accessibility features specific to a listbox without an input.
- **Form controls must have an accessible name**: It can be created using a `<label>` element or the `Field` component. See [Labeling a combobox](/react/components/combobox.md) and the [forms guide](/react/handbook/forms.md).

## Anatomy

Import the components and place them together:

```jsx title="Anatomy"
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';

<Combobox.Root>
  <Combobox.Input />
  <Combobox.Trigger />
  <Combobox.Icon />
  <Combobox.Clear />
  <Combobox.Value />

  <Combobox.Chips>
    <Combobox.Chip>
      <Combobox.ChipRemove />
    </Combobox.Chip>
  </Combobox.Chips>

  <Combobox.Portal>
    <Combobox.Backdrop />
    <Combobox.Positioner>
      <Combobox.Popup>
        <Combobox.Arrow />

        <Combobox.Status />
        <Combobox.Empty />

        <Combobox.List>
          <Combobox.Row>
            <Combobox.Item>
              <Combobox.ItemIndicator />
            </Combobox.Item>
          </Combobox.Row>

          <Combobox.Separator />

          <Combobox.Group>
            <Combobox.GroupLabel />
          </Combobox.Group>

          <Combobox.Collection />
        </Combobox.List>
      </Combobox.Popup>
    </Combobox.Positioner>
  </Combobox.Portal>
</Combobox.Root>;
```

## TypeScript

Combobox infers the item type from the `defaultValue` or `value` props passed to `<Combobox.Root>`.
The type of items held in the `items` array must also match the `value` prop type passed to `<Combobox.Item>`.

## Examples

### Typed wrapper component

The following example shows a typed wrapper around the Combobox component with correct type inference and type safety:

```tsx title="Specifying generic type parameters"
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';

export function MyCombobox<Value, Multiple extends boolean | undefined = false>(
  props: Combobox.Root.Props<Value, Multiple>,
): React.JSX.Element {
  return <Combobox.Root {...props}>{/* ... */}</Combobox.Root>;
}
```

### Multiple select

The combobox can allow multiple selections by adding the `multiple` prop to `<Combobox.Root>`.
Selection chips are rendered with `<Combobox.Chip>` inside the input that can be removed.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';

export default function ExampleMultipleCombobox() {
  const containerRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
  const id = React.useId();

  return (
    <Combobox.Root items={langs} multiple>
      <div className="max-w-[28rem] flex flex-col gap-1">
        <label className="text-sm leading-5 font-medium text-gray-900" htmlFor={id}>
          Programming languages
        </label>
        <Combobox.Chips
          className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-0.5 rounded-md border border-gray-200 px-1.5 py-1 w-64 focus-within:outline focus-within:outline-2 focus-within:-outline-offset-1 focus-within:outline-blue-800 min-[500px]:w-[22rem]"
          ref={containerRef}
        >
          <Combobox.Value>
            {(value: ProgrammingLanguage[]) => (
              <React.Fragment>
                {value.map((language) => (
                  <Combobox.Chip
                    key={language.id}
                    className="flex items-center gap-1 rounded-md bg-gray-100 px-1.5 py-[0.2rem] text-sm text-gray-900 outline-none cursor-default [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:bg-blue-800 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:text-gray-50 focus-within:bg-blue-800 focus-within:text-gray-50"
                    aria-label={language.value}
                  >
                    {language.value}
                    <Combobox.ChipRemove
                      className="rounded-md p-1 text-inherit hover:bg-gray-200"
                      aria-label="Remove"
                    >
                      <XIcon />
                    </Combobox.ChipRemove>
                  </Combobox.Chip>
                ))}
                <Combobox.Input
                  id={id}
                  placeholder={value.length > 0 ? '' : 'e.g. TypeScript'}
                  className="min-w-12 flex-1 h-8 rounded-md border-0 bg-transparent pl-2 text-base text-gray-900 outline-none"
                />
              </React.Fragment>
            )}
          </Combobox.Value>
        </Combobox.Chips>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className="z-50 outline-none" sideOffset={4} anchor={containerRef}>
          <Combobox.Popup className="w-[var(--anchor-width)] max-h-[min(var(--available-height),23rem)] max-w-[var(--available-width)] origin-[var(--transform-origin)] overflow-y-auto scroll-pt-2 scroll-pb-2 overscroll-contain rounded-md bg-[canvas] py-2 text-gray-900 shadow-lg shadow-gray-200 outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-[transform,scale,opacity] data-[ending-style]:scale-95 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:scale-95 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:shadow-none dark:-outline-offset-1 dark:outline-gray-300">
            <Combobox.Empty className="px-4 py-2 text-[0.925rem] leading-4 text-gray-600 empty:m-0 empty:p-0">
              No languages found.
            </Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List>
              {(language: ProgrammingLanguage) => (
                <Combobox.Item
                  key={language.id}
                  className="grid cursor-default grid-cols-[0.75rem_1fr] items-center gap-2 py-2 pr-8 pl-4 text-base leading-4 outline-none select-none [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:relative [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:z-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:text-gray-50 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:absolute [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-x-2 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-y-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:z-[-1] [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:rounded-sm [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:bg-gray-900"
                  value={language}
                >
                  <Combobox.ItemIndicator className="col-start-1">
                    <CheckIcon className="size-3" />
                  </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                  <div className="col-start-2">{language.value}</div>
                </Combobox.Item>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width={16}
      height={16}
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      aria-hidden
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface ProgrammingLanguage {
  id: string;
  value: string;
}

const langs: ProgrammingLanguage[] = [
  { id: 'js', value: 'JavaScript' },
  { id: 'ts', value: 'TypeScript' },
  { id: 'py', value: 'Python' },
  { id: 'java', value: 'Java' },
  { id: 'cpp', value: 'C++' },
  { id: 'cs', value: 'C#' },
  { id: 'php', value: 'PHP' },
  { id: 'ruby', value: 'Ruby' },
  { id: 'go', value: 'Go' },
  { id: 'rust', value: 'Rust' },
  { id: 'swift', value: 'Swift' },
];
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Container {
  max-width: 28rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.Label {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
}

.Chips {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.125rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.375rem;
  width: 16rem;

  &:focus-within {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }

  @media (min-width: 500px) {
    width: 22rem;
  }
}

.Chip {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.2rem 0.2rem 0.4rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;

  &:focus-within {
    background-color: var(--color-blue);
    color: var(--color-gray-50);
  }

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &[data-highlighted] {
      background-color: var(--color-blue);
      color: var(--color-gray-50);
    }
  }
}

.ChipButton {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  padding: 0.125rem 0.25rem 0.125rem 0.5rem;
  font-size: inherit;
  color: inherit;
  cursor: default;
  flex: 1;
  outline: 0;
}

.ChipRemove {
  border: none;
  background: none;
  padding: 0.25rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: inherit;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-200);
    }
  }
}

.Input {
  flex: 1;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-left: 0.5rem;
  margin: 0;
  border: none;
  height: 2rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  min-width: 3rem;

  &:focus {
    outline: none;
  }
}

.Trigger {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0.75rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 1.5rem;
  height: 1.5rem;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  color: var(--color-gray-500);
  border-radius: 0.25rem;

  &:hover {
    color: var(--color-gray-700);
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue-500);
    outline-offset: 2px;
  }
}

.TriggerIcon {
  width: 1rem;
  height: 1rem;
}

.Positioner {
  outline: 0;
  z-index: 50;
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  width: var(--anchor-width);
  max-width: var(--available-width);
  max-height: min(var(--available-height), 24rem);
  overflow-y: auto;
  scroll-padding-block: 0.5rem;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  transition:
    opacity 0.1s,
    transform 0.1s;
  transform-origin: var(--transform-origin);

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.95);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    box-shadow:
      0 10px 15px -3px var(--color-gray-200),
      0 4px 6px -4px var(--color-gray-200);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Item {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;
  user-select: none;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  padding-right: 2rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: 0.75rem 1fr;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1rem;

  &[data-selected] {
    z-index: 0;
    position: relative;
    color: var(--color-gray-900);
  }

  &[data-selected]::before,
  &[data-highlighted]::before {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 0;
    inset-inline: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 0.25rem;
  }

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &[data-highlighted] {
      z-index: 0;
      position: relative;
      color: var(--color-gray-50);
    }

    &[data-highlighted]::before {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-900);
    }
  }
}

.ItemText {
  grid-column-start: 2;
}

.ItemIndicator {
  grid-column-start: 1;
}

.ItemIndicatorIcon {
  display: block;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
}

.ItemName {
  font-weight: 500;
  color: inherit;
}

.Empty:not(:empty) {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-size: 0.925rem;
  line-height: 1rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleMultipleCombobox() {
  const containerRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
  const id = React.useId();

  return (
    <Combobox.Root items={langs} multiple>
      <div className={styles.Container}>
        <label className={styles.Label} htmlFor={id}>
          Programming languages
        </label>
        <Combobox.Chips className={styles.Chips} ref={containerRef}>
          <Combobox.Value>
            {(value: ProgrammingLanguage[]) => (
              <React.Fragment>
                {value.map((language) => (
                  <Combobox.Chip
                    key={language.id}
                    className={styles.Chip}
                    aria-label={language.value}
                  >
                    {language.value}
                    <Combobox.ChipRemove className={styles.ChipRemove} aria-label="Remove">
                      <XIcon />
                    </Combobox.ChipRemove>
                  </Combobox.Chip>
                ))}
                <Combobox.Input
                  id={id}
                  placeholder={value.length > 0 ? '' : 'e.g. TypeScript'}
                  className={styles.Input}
                />
              </React.Fragment>
            )}
          </Combobox.Value>
        </Combobox.Chips>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className={styles.Positioner} sideOffset={4} anchor={containerRef}>
          <Combobox.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
            <Combobox.Empty className={styles.Empty}>No languages found.</Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List>
              {(language: ProgrammingLanguage) => (
                <Combobox.Item key={language.id} className={styles.Item} value={language}>
                  <Combobox.ItemIndicator className={styles.ItemIndicator}>
                    <CheckIcon className={styles.ItemIndicatorIcon} />
                  </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                  <div className={styles.ItemText}>{language.value}</div>
                </Combobox.Item>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width={16}
      height={16}
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      aria-hidden
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface ProgrammingLanguage {
  id: string;
  value: string;
}

const langs: ProgrammingLanguage[] = [
  { id: 'js', value: 'JavaScript' },
  { id: 'ts', value: 'TypeScript' },
  { id: 'py', value: 'Python' },
  { id: 'java', value: 'Java' },
  { id: 'cpp', value: 'C++' },
  { id: 'cs', value: 'C#' },
  { id: 'php', value: 'PHP' },
  { id: 'ruby', value: 'Ruby' },
  { id: 'go', value: 'Go' },
  { id: 'rust', value: 'Rust' },
  { id: 'swift', value: 'Swift' },
];
```

### Input inside popup

`<Combobox.Input>` can be rendered inside `<Combobox.Popup>` to create a searchable select popup.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import { Field } from '@base-ui/react/field';

export default function ExamplePopoverCombobox() {
  return (
    <Field.Root className="flex flex-col gap-1">
      <Field.Label
        className="cursor-default text-sm leading-5 font-medium text-gray-900"
        nativeLabel={false}
        render={<div />}
      >
        Country
      </Field.Label>
      <Combobox.Root items={countries}>
        <Combobox.Trigger className="flex bg-[canvas] h-10 min-w-[12rem] items-center justify-between gap-3 rounded-md border border-gray-200 pr-3 pl-3.5 text-base text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 data-[popup-open]:bg-gray-100 cursor-default">
          <Combobox.Value placeholder={<span className="opacity-60">Select country</span>} />
          <Combobox.Icon className="flex">
            <ChevronUpDownIcon />
          </Combobox.Icon>
        </Combobox.Trigger>
        <Combobox.Portal>
          <Combobox.Positioner align="start" sideOffset={4}>
            <Combobox.Popup
              className="[--input-container-height:3rem] origin-[var(--transform-origin)] max-w-[var(--available-width)] max-h-[24rem] rounded-lg bg-[canvas] shadow-lg shadow-gray-200 text-gray-900 outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-[transform,scale,opacity] data-[ending-style]:scale-90 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:scale-90 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:shadow-none dark:-outline-offset-1 dark:outline-gray-300"
              aria-label="Select country"
            >
              <div className="w-80 h-[var(--input-container-height)] text-center p-2">
                <Combobox.Input
                  placeholder="e.g. United Kingdom"
                  className="h-10 w-full font-normal rounded-md border border-gray-200 pl-3.5 text-base text-gray-900 focus:outline focus:outline-2 focus:-outline-offset-1 focus:outline-blue-800"
                />
              </div>
              <Combobox.Empty className="p-4 text-[0.925rem] leading-4 text-gray-600 empty:m-0 empty:p-0">
                No countries found.
              </Combobox.Empty>
              <Combobox.List className="overflow-y-auto scroll-py-2 py-2 overscroll-contain max-h-[min(calc(24rem-var(--input-container-height)),calc(var(--available-height)-var(--input-container-height)))] empty:p-0">
                {(country: Country) => (
                  <Combobox.Item
                    key={country.code}
                    value={country}
                    className="grid min-w-[var(--anchor-width)] cursor-default grid-cols-[0.75rem_1fr] items-center gap-2 py-2 pr-8 pl-4 text-base leading-4 outline-none select-none data-[highlighted]:relative data-[highlighted]:z-0 data-[highlighted]:text-gray-50 data-[highlighted]:before:absolute data-[highlighted]:before:inset-x-2 data-[highlighted]:before:inset-y-0 data-[highlighted]:before:z-[-1] data-[highlighted]:before:rounded-sm data-[highlighted]:before:bg-gray-900"
                  >
                    <Combobox.ItemIndicator className="col-start-1">
                      <CheckIcon className="size-3" />
                    </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                    <div className="col-start-2">{country.label}</div>
                  </Combobox.Item>
                )}
              </Combobox.List>
            </Combobox.Popup>
          </Combobox.Positioner>
        </Combobox.Portal>
      </Combobox.Root>
    </Field.Root>
  );
}

function ChevronUpDownIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      width="8"
      height="12"
      viewBox="0 0 8 12"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentcolor"
      strokeWidth="1.5"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M0.5 4.5L4 1.5L7.5 4.5" />
      <path d="M0.5 7.5L4 10.5L7.5 7.5" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface Country {
  code: string;
  value: string;
  continent: string;
  label: string;
}

const countries: Country[] = [
  { code: 'af', value: 'afghanistan', label: 'Afghanistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'al', value: 'albania', label: 'Albania', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'dz', value: 'algeria', label: 'Algeria', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ad', value: 'andorra', label: 'Andorra', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ao', value: 'angola', label: 'Angola', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ar', value: 'argentina', label: 'Argentina', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'am', value: 'armenia', label: 'Armenia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'au', value: 'australia', label: 'Australia', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'at', value: 'austria', label: 'Austria', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'az', value: 'azerbaijan', label: 'Azerbaijan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bs', value: 'bahamas', label: 'Bahamas', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'bh', value: 'bahrain', label: 'Bahrain', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bd', value: 'bangladesh', label: 'Bangladesh', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bb', value: 'barbados', label: 'Barbados', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'by', value: 'belarus', label: 'Belarus', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'be', value: 'belgium', label: 'Belgium', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'bz', value: 'belize', label: 'Belize', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'bj', value: 'benin', label: 'Benin', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'bt', value: 'bhutan', label: 'Bhutan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bo', value: 'bolivia', label: 'Bolivia', continent: 'South America' },
  {
    code: 'ba',
    value: 'bosnia-and-herzegovina',
    label: 'Bosnia and Herzegovina',
    continent: 'Europe',
  },
  { code: 'bw', value: 'botswana', label: 'Botswana', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'br', value: 'brazil', label: 'Brazil', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'bn', value: 'brunei', label: 'Brunei', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bg', value: 'bulgaria', label: 'Bulgaria', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'bf', value: 'burkina-faso', label: 'Burkina Faso', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'bi', value: 'burundi', label: 'Burundi', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'kh', value: 'cambodia', label: 'Cambodia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'cm', value: 'cameroon', label: 'Cameroon', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ca', value: 'canada', label: 'Canada', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'cv', value: 'cape-verde', label: 'Cape Verde', continent: 'Africa' },
  {
    code: 'cf',
    value: 'central-african-republic',
    label: 'Central African Republic',
    continent: 'Africa',
  },
  { code: 'td', value: 'chad', label: 'Chad', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'cl', value: 'chile', label: 'Chile', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'cn', value: 'china', label: 'China', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'co', value: 'colombia', label: 'Colombia', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'km', value: 'comoros', label: 'Comoros', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'cg', value: 'congo', label: 'Congo', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'cr', value: 'costa-rica', label: 'Costa Rica', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'hr', value: 'croatia', label: 'Croatia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'cu', value: 'cuba', label: 'Cuba', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'cy', value: 'cyprus', label: 'Cyprus', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'cz', value: 'czech-republic', label: 'Czech Republic', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'dk', value: 'denmark', label: 'Denmark', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'dj', value: 'djibouti', label: 'Djibouti', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'dm', value: 'dominica', label: 'Dominica', continent: 'North America' },
  {
    code: 'do',
    value: 'dominican-republic',
    label: 'Dominican Republic',
    continent: 'North America',
  },
  { code: 'ec', value: 'ecuador', label: 'Ecuador', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'eg', value: 'egypt', label: 'Egypt', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'sv', value: 'el-salvador', label: 'El Salvador', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'gq', value: 'equatorial-guinea', label: 'Equatorial Guinea', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'er', value: 'eritrea', label: 'Eritrea', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ee', value: 'estonia', label: 'Estonia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'et', value: 'ethiopia', label: 'Ethiopia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'fj', value: 'fiji', label: 'Fiji', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'fi', value: 'finland', label: 'Finland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'fr', value: 'france', label: 'France', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ga', value: 'gabon', label: 'Gabon', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'gm', value: 'gambia', label: 'Gambia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ge', value: 'georgia', label: 'Georgia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'de', value: 'germany', label: 'Germany', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'gh', value: 'ghana', label: 'Ghana', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'gr', value: 'greece', label: 'Greece', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'gd', value: 'grenada', label: 'Grenada', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'gt', value: 'guatemala', label: 'Guatemala', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'gn', value: 'guinea', label: 'Guinea', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'gw', value: 'guinea-bissau', label: 'Guinea-Bissau', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'gy', value: 'guyana', label: 'Guyana', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'ht', value: 'haiti', label: 'Haiti', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'hn', value: 'honduras', label: 'Honduras', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'hu', value: 'hungary', label: 'Hungary', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'is', value: 'iceland', label: 'Iceland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'in', value: 'india', label: 'India', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'id', value: 'indonesia', label: 'Indonesia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ir', value: 'iran', label: 'Iran', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'iq', value: 'iraq', label: 'Iraq', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ie', value: 'ireland', label: 'Ireland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'il', value: 'israel', label: 'Israel', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'it', value: 'italy', label: 'Italy', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'jm', value: 'jamaica', label: 'Jamaica', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'jp', value: 'japan', label: 'Japan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'jo', value: 'jordan', label: 'Jordan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'kz', value: 'kazakhstan', label: 'Kazakhstan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ke', value: 'kenya', label: 'Kenya', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'kw', value: 'kuwait', label: 'Kuwait', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'kg', value: 'kyrgyzstan', label: 'Kyrgyzstan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'la', value: 'laos', label: 'Laos', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'lv', value: 'latvia', label: 'Latvia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'lb', value: 'lebanon', label: 'Lebanon', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ls', value: 'lesotho', label: 'Lesotho', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'lr', value: 'liberia', label: 'Liberia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ly', value: 'libya', label: 'Libya', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'li', value: 'liechtenstein', label: 'Liechtenstein', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'lt', value: 'lithuania', label: 'Lithuania', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'lu', value: 'luxembourg', label: 'Luxembourg', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'mg', value: 'madagascar', label: 'Madagascar', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mw', value: 'malawi', label: 'Malawi', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'my', value: 'malaysia', label: 'Malaysia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'mv', value: 'maldives', label: 'Maldives', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ml', value: 'mali', label: 'Mali', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mt', value: 'malta', label: 'Malta', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'mh', value: 'marshall-islands', label: 'Marshall Islands', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'mr', value: 'mauritania', label: 'Mauritania', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mu', value: 'mauritius', label: 'Mauritius', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mx', value: 'mexico', label: 'Mexico', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'fm', value: 'micronesia', label: 'Micronesia', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'md', value: 'moldova', label: 'Moldova', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'mc', value: 'monaco', label: 'Monaco', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'mn', value: 'mongolia', label: 'Mongolia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'me', value: 'montenegro', label: 'Montenegro', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ma', value: 'morocco', label: 'Morocco', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mz', value: 'mozambique', label: 'Mozambique', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mm', value: 'myanmar', label: 'Myanmar', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'na', value: 'namibia', label: 'Namibia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'nr', value: 'nauru', label: 'Nauru', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'np', value: 'nepal', label: 'Nepal', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'nl', value: 'netherlands', label: 'Netherlands', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'nz', value: 'new-zealand', label: 'New Zealand', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'ni', value: 'nicaragua', label: 'Nicaragua', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'ne', value: 'niger', label: 'Niger', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ng', value: 'nigeria', label: 'Nigeria', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'kp', value: 'north-korea', label: 'North Korea', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'mk', value: 'north-macedonia', label: 'North Macedonia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'no', value: 'norway', label: 'Norway', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'om', value: 'oman', label: 'Oman', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'pk', value: 'pakistan', label: 'Pakistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'pw', value: 'palau', label: 'Palau', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'ps', value: 'palestine', label: 'Palestine', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'pa', value: 'panama', label: 'Panama', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'pg', value: 'papua-new-guinea', label: 'Papua New Guinea', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'py', value: 'paraguay', label: 'Paraguay', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'pe', value: 'peru', label: 'Peru', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'ph', value: 'philippines', label: 'Philippines', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'pl', value: 'poland', label: 'Poland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'pt', value: 'portugal', label: 'Portugal', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'qa', value: 'qatar', label: 'Qatar', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ro', value: 'romania', label: 'Romania', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ru', value: 'russia', label: 'Russia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'rw', value: 'rwanda', label: 'Rwanda', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ws', value: 'samoa', label: 'Samoa', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'sm', value: 'san-marino', label: 'San Marino', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'sa', value: 'saudi-arabia', label: 'Saudi Arabia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'sn', value: 'senegal', label: 'Senegal', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'rs', value: 'serbia', label: 'Serbia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'sc', value: 'seychelles', label: 'Seychelles', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'sl', value: 'sierra-leone', label: 'Sierra Leone', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'sg', value: 'singapore', label: 'Singapore', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'sk', value: 'slovakia', label: 'Slovakia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'si', value: 'slovenia', label: 'Slovenia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'sb', value: 'solomon-islands', label: 'Solomon Islands', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'so', value: 'somalia', label: 'Somalia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'za', value: 'south-africa', label: 'South Africa', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'kr', value: 'south-korea', label: 'South Korea', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ss', value: 'south-sudan', label: 'South Sudan', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'es', value: 'spain', label: 'Spain', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'lk', value: 'sri-lanka', label: 'Sri Lanka', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'sd', value: 'sudan', label: 'Sudan', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'sr', value: 'suriname', label: 'Suriname', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'se', value: 'sweden', label: 'Sweden', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ch', value: 'switzerland', label: 'Switzerland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'sy', value: 'syria', label: 'Syria', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tw', value: 'taiwan', label: 'Taiwan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tj', value: 'tajikistan', label: 'Tajikistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tz', value: 'tanzania', label: 'Tanzania', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'th', value: 'thailand', label: 'Thailand', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tl', value: 'timor-leste', label: 'Timor-Leste', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tg', value: 'togo', label: 'Togo', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'to', value: 'tonga', label: 'Tonga', continent: 'Oceania' },
  {
    code: 'tt',
    value: 'trinidad-and-tobago',
    label: 'Trinidad and Tobago',
    continent: 'North America',
  },
  { code: 'tn', value: 'tunisia', label: 'Tunisia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'tr', value: 'turkey', label: 'Turkey', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tm', value: 'turkmenistan', label: 'Turkmenistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tv', value: 'tuvalu', label: 'Tuvalu', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'ug', value: 'uganda', label: 'Uganda', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ua', value: 'ukraine', label: 'Ukraine', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ae', value: 'united-arab-emirates', label: 'United Arab Emirates', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'gb', value: 'united-kingdom', label: 'United Kingdom', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'us', value: 'united-states', label: 'United States', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'uy', value: 'uruguay', label: 'Uruguay', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'uz', value: 'uzbekistan', label: 'Uzbekistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'vu', value: 'vanuatu', label: 'Vanuatu', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'va', value: 'vatican-city', label: 'Vatican City', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 've', value: 'venezuela', label: 'Venezuela', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'vn', value: 'vietnam', label: 'Vietnam', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ye', value: 'yemen', label: 'Yemen', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'zm', value: 'zambia', label: 'Zambia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'zw', value: 'zimbabwe', label: 'Zimbabwe', continent: 'Africa' },
];
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Field {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: start;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.Trigger {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding-left: 0.875rem;
  padding-right: 0.75rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  cursor: default;
  background-color: canvas;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  user-select: none;
  min-width: 12rem;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &[data-popup-open] {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.TriggerIcon {
  display: flex;
}

.Placeholder {
  opacity: 0.6;
}

.InputContainer {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 20rem;
  height: var(--input-container-height);
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0.5rem;
}

.Input {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-left: 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  min-width: 18rem;
  width: 100%;
  height: 2.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  outline: none;

  &:focus {
    border-color: var(--color-blue);
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-blue);
  }
}

.Label {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  cursor: default;
}

.Positioner {
  outline: 0;
}

.Popup {
  --input-container-height: 3rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  transform-origin: var(--transform-origin);
  transition:
    transform 150ms,
    opacity 150ms;
  max-width: var(--available-width);
  max-height: 24rem;

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.9);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    box-shadow:
      0 10px 15px -3px var(--color-gray-200),
      0 4px 6px -4px var(--color-gray-200);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.List {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  overflow: auto;
  scroll-padding-block: 0.5rem;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  max-height: min(
    calc(24rem - var(--input-container-height)),
    calc(var(--available-height) - var(--input-container-height))
  );

  &:empty {
    padding: 0;
  }
}

.Item {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;
  user-select: none;
  min-width: var(--anchor-width);
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  padding-right: 2rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: 0.75rem 1fr;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1rem;

  &[data-highlighted] {
    z-index: 0;
    position: relative;
    color: var(--color-gray-50);
  }

  &[data-highlighted]::before {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 0;
    inset-inline: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 0.25rem;
    background-color: var(--color-gray-900);
  }
}

.ItemText {
  grid-column-start: 2;
}

.ItemIndicator {
  grid-column-start: 1;
}

.ItemIndicatorIcon {
  display: block;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
}

.Separator {
  margin: 0.375rem 1rem;
  height: 1px;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-200);
}

.Empty:not(:empty) {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-size: 0.925rem;
  line-height: 1rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 1rem;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import { Field } from '@base-ui/react/field';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExamplePopoverCombobox() {
  return (
    <Field.Root className={styles.Field}>
      <Field.Label className={styles.Label} nativeLabel={false} render={<div />}>
        Country
      </Field.Label>
      <Combobox.Root items={countries}>
        <Combobox.Trigger className={styles.Trigger}>
          <Combobox.Value
            placeholder={<span className={styles.Placeholder}>Select country</span>}
          />
          <Combobox.Icon className={styles.TriggerIcon}>
            <ChevronUpDownIcon />
          </Combobox.Icon>
        </Combobox.Trigger>
        <Combobox.Portal>
          <Combobox.Positioner align="start" sideOffset={4}>
            <Combobox.Popup className={styles.Popup} aria-label="Select country">
              <div className={styles.InputContainer}>
                <Combobox.Input placeholder="e.g. United Kingdom" className={styles.Input} />
              </div>
              <Combobox.Empty className={styles.Empty}>No countries found.</Combobox.Empty>
              <Combobox.List className={styles.List}>
                {(country: Country) => (
                  <Combobox.Item key={country.code} value={country} className={styles.Item}>
                    <Combobox.ItemIndicator className={styles.ItemIndicator}>
                      <CheckIcon className={styles.ItemIndicatorIcon} />
                    </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                    <div className={styles.ItemText}>{country.label}</div>
                  </Combobox.Item>
                )}
              </Combobox.List>
            </Combobox.Popup>
          </Combobox.Positioner>
        </Combobox.Portal>
      </Combobox.Root>
    </Field.Root>
  );
}

function ChevronUpDownIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      width="8"
      height="12"
      viewBox="0 0 8 12"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentcolor"
      strokeWidth="1.5"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M0.5 4.5L4 1.5L7.5 4.5" />
      <path d="M0.5 7.5L4 10.5L7.5 7.5" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface Country {
  code: string;
  value: string;
  continent: string;
  label: string;
}

const countries: Country[] = [
  { code: 'af', value: 'afghanistan', label: 'Afghanistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'al', value: 'albania', label: 'Albania', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'dz', value: 'algeria', label: 'Algeria', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ad', value: 'andorra', label: 'Andorra', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ao', value: 'angola', label: 'Angola', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ar', value: 'argentina', label: 'Argentina', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'am', value: 'armenia', label: 'Armenia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'au', value: 'australia', label: 'Australia', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'at', value: 'austria', label: 'Austria', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'az', value: 'azerbaijan', label: 'Azerbaijan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bs', value: 'bahamas', label: 'Bahamas', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'bh', value: 'bahrain', label: 'Bahrain', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bd', value: 'bangladesh', label: 'Bangladesh', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bb', value: 'barbados', label: 'Barbados', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'by', value: 'belarus', label: 'Belarus', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'be', value: 'belgium', label: 'Belgium', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'bz', value: 'belize', label: 'Belize', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'bj', value: 'benin', label: 'Benin', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'bt', value: 'bhutan', label: 'Bhutan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bo', value: 'bolivia', label: 'Bolivia', continent: 'South America' },
  {
    code: 'ba',
    value: 'bosnia-and-herzegovina',
    label: 'Bosnia and Herzegovina',
    continent: 'Europe',
  },
  { code: 'bw', value: 'botswana', label: 'Botswana', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'br', value: 'brazil', label: 'Brazil', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'bn', value: 'brunei', label: 'Brunei', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'bg', value: 'bulgaria', label: 'Bulgaria', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'bf', value: 'burkina-faso', label: 'Burkina Faso', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'bi', value: 'burundi', label: 'Burundi', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'kh', value: 'cambodia', label: 'Cambodia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'cm', value: 'cameroon', label: 'Cameroon', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ca', value: 'canada', label: 'Canada', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'cv', value: 'cape-verde', label: 'Cape Verde', continent: 'Africa' },
  {
    code: 'cf',
    value: 'central-african-republic',
    label: 'Central African Republic',
    continent: 'Africa',
  },
  { code: 'td', value: 'chad', label: 'Chad', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'cl', value: 'chile', label: 'Chile', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'cn', value: 'china', label: 'China', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'co', value: 'colombia', label: 'Colombia', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'km', value: 'comoros', label: 'Comoros', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'cg', value: 'congo', label: 'Congo', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'cr', value: 'costa-rica', label: 'Costa Rica', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'hr', value: 'croatia', label: 'Croatia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'cu', value: 'cuba', label: 'Cuba', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'cy', value: 'cyprus', label: 'Cyprus', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'cz', value: 'czech-republic', label: 'Czech Republic', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'dk', value: 'denmark', label: 'Denmark', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'dj', value: 'djibouti', label: 'Djibouti', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'dm', value: 'dominica', label: 'Dominica', continent: 'North America' },
  {
    code: 'do',
    value: 'dominican-republic',
    label: 'Dominican Republic',
    continent: 'North America',
  },
  { code: 'ec', value: 'ecuador', label: 'Ecuador', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'eg', value: 'egypt', label: 'Egypt', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'sv', value: 'el-salvador', label: 'El Salvador', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'gq', value: 'equatorial-guinea', label: 'Equatorial Guinea', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'er', value: 'eritrea', label: 'Eritrea', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ee', value: 'estonia', label: 'Estonia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'et', value: 'ethiopia', label: 'Ethiopia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'fj', value: 'fiji', label: 'Fiji', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'fi', value: 'finland', label: 'Finland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'fr', value: 'france', label: 'France', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ga', value: 'gabon', label: 'Gabon', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'gm', value: 'gambia', label: 'Gambia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ge', value: 'georgia', label: 'Georgia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'de', value: 'germany', label: 'Germany', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'gh', value: 'ghana', label: 'Ghana', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'gr', value: 'greece', label: 'Greece', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'gd', value: 'grenada', label: 'Grenada', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'gt', value: 'guatemala', label: 'Guatemala', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'gn', value: 'guinea', label: 'Guinea', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'gw', value: 'guinea-bissau', label: 'Guinea-Bissau', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'gy', value: 'guyana', label: 'Guyana', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'ht', value: 'haiti', label: 'Haiti', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'hn', value: 'honduras', label: 'Honduras', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'hu', value: 'hungary', label: 'Hungary', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'is', value: 'iceland', label: 'Iceland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'in', value: 'india', label: 'India', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'id', value: 'indonesia', label: 'Indonesia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ir', value: 'iran', label: 'Iran', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'iq', value: 'iraq', label: 'Iraq', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ie', value: 'ireland', label: 'Ireland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'il', value: 'israel', label: 'Israel', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'it', value: 'italy', label: 'Italy', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'jm', value: 'jamaica', label: 'Jamaica', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'jp', value: 'japan', label: 'Japan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'jo', value: 'jordan', label: 'Jordan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'kz', value: 'kazakhstan', label: 'Kazakhstan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ke', value: 'kenya', label: 'Kenya', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'kw', value: 'kuwait', label: 'Kuwait', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'kg', value: 'kyrgyzstan', label: 'Kyrgyzstan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'la', value: 'laos', label: 'Laos', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'lv', value: 'latvia', label: 'Latvia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'lb', value: 'lebanon', label: 'Lebanon', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ls', value: 'lesotho', label: 'Lesotho', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'lr', value: 'liberia', label: 'Liberia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ly', value: 'libya', label: 'Libya', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'li', value: 'liechtenstein', label: 'Liechtenstein', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'lt', value: 'lithuania', label: 'Lithuania', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'lu', value: 'luxembourg', label: 'Luxembourg', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'mg', value: 'madagascar', label: 'Madagascar', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mw', value: 'malawi', label: 'Malawi', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'my', value: 'malaysia', label: 'Malaysia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'mv', value: 'maldives', label: 'Maldives', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ml', value: 'mali', label: 'Mali', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mt', value: 'malta', label: 'Malta', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'mh', value: 'marshall-islands', label: 'Marshall Islands', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'mr', value: 'mauritania', label: 'Mauritania', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mu', value: 'mauritius', label: 'Mauritius', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mx', value: 'mexico', label: 'Mexico', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'fm', value: 'micronesia', label: 'Micronesia', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'md', value: 'moldova', label: 'Moldova', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'mc', value: 'monaco', label: 'Monaco', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'mn', value: 'mongolia', label: 'Mongolia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'me', value: 'montenegro', label: 'Montenegro', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ma', value: 'morocco', label: 'Morocco', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mz', value: 'mozambique', label: 'Mozambique', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'mm', value: 'myanmar', label: 'Myanmar', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'na', value: 'namibia', label: 'Namibia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'nr', value: 'nauru', label: 'Nauru', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'np', value: 'nepal', label: 'Nepal', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'nl', value: 'netherlands', label: 'Netherlands', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'nz', value: 'new-zealand', label: 'New Zealand', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'ni', value: 'nicaragua', label: 'Nicaragua', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'ne', value: 'niger', label: 'Niger', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ng', value: 'nigeria', label: 'Nigeria', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'kp', value: 'north-korea', label: 'North Korea', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'mk', value: 'north-macedonia', label: 'North Macedonia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'no', value: 'norway', label: 'Norway', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'om', value: 'oman', label: 'Oman', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'pk', value: 'pakistan', label: 'Pakistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'pw', value: 'palau', label: 'Palau', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'ps', value: 'palestine', label: 'Palestine', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'pa', value: 'panama', label: 'Panama', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'pg', value: 'papua-new-guinea', label: 'Papua New Guinea', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'py', value: 'paraguay', label: 'Paraguay', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'pe', value: 'peru', label: 'Peru', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'ph', value: 'philippines', label: 'Philippines', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'pl', value: 'poland', label: 'Poland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'pt', value: 'portugal', label: 'Portugal', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'qa', value: 'qatar', label: 'Qatar', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ro', value: 'romania', label: 'Romania', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ru', value: 'russia', label: 'Russia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'rw', value: 'rwanda', label: 'Rwanda', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ws', value: 'samoa', label: 'Samoa', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'sm', value: 'san-marino', label: 'San Marino', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'sa', value: 'saudi-arabia', label: 'Saudi Arabia', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'sn', value: 'senegal', label: 'Senegal', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'rs', value: 'serbia', label: 'Serbia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'sc', value: 'seychelles', label: 'Seychelles', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'sl', value: 'sierra-leone', label: 'Sierra Leone', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'sg', value: 'singapore', label: 'Singapore', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'sk', value: 'slovakia', label: 'Slovakia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'si', value: 'slovenia', label: 'Slovenia', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'sb', value: 'solomon-islands', label: 'Solomon Islands', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'so', value: 'somalia', label: 'Somalia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'za', value: 'south-africa', label: 'South Africa', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'kr', value: 'south-korea', label: 'South Korea', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ss', value: 'south-sudan', label: 'South Sudan', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'es', value: 'spain', label: 'Spain', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'lk', value: 'sri-lanka', label: 'Sri Lanka', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'sd', value: 'sudan', label: 'Sudan', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'sr', value: 'suriname', label: 'Suriname', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'se', value: 'sweden', label: 'Sweden', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ch', value: 'switzerland', label: 'Switzerland', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'sy', value: 'syria', label: 'Syria', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tw', value: 'taiwan', label: 'Taiwan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tj', value: 'tajikistan', label: 'Tajikistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tz', value: 'tanzania', label: 'Tanzania', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'th', value: 'thailand', label: 'Thailand', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tl', value: 'timor-leste', label: 'Timor-Leste', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tg', value: 'togo', label: 'Togo', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'to', value: 'tonga', label: 'Tonga', continent: 'Oceania' },
  {
    code: 'tt',
    value: 'trinidad-and-tobago',
    label: 'Trinidad and Tobago',
    continent: 'North America',
  },
  { code: 'tn', value: 'tunisia', label: 'Tunisia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'tr', value: 'turkey', label: 'Turkey', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tm', value: 'turkmenistan', label: 'Turkmenistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'tv', value: 'tuvalu', label: 'Tuvalu', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'ug', value: 'uganda', label: 'Uganda', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'ua', value: 'ukraine', label: 'Ukraine', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'ae', value: 'united-arab-emirates', label: 'United Arab Emirates', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'gb', value: 'united-kingdom', label: 'United Kingdom', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 'us', value: 'united-states', label: 'United States', continent: 'North America' },
  { code: 'uy', value: 'uruguay', label: 'Uruguay', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'uz', value: 'uzbekistan', label: 'Uzbekistan', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'vu', value: 'vanuatu', label: 'Vanuatu', continent: 'Oceania' },
  { code: 'va', value: 'vatican-city', label: 'Vatican City', continent: 'Europe' },
  { code: 've', value: 'venezuela', label: 'Venezuela', continent: 'South America' },
  { code: 'vn', value: 'vietnam', label: 'Vietnam', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'ye', value: 'yemen', label: 'Yemen', continent: 'Asia' },
  { code: 'zm', value: 'zambia', label: 'Zambia', continent: 'Africa' },
  { code: 'zw', value: 'zimbabwe', label: 'Zimbabwe', continent: 'Africa' },
];
```

Use the [Field](/react/components/field.md) component to provide a visible label for the combobox trigger:

```tsx title="Using Field to label a combobox" {2,4}
<Field.Root>
  <Field.Label nativeLabel={false} render={<div />}>
    Favorite fruit
  </Field.Label>
  <Combobox.Root>{/* ... */}</Combobox.Root>
</Field.Root>
```

Replace the rendered `<label>` element with a `<div>` element and add `nativeLabel={false}` so it does not inherit native label behaviors. This ensures clicking on the label will focus the combobox trigger without opening the associated popup to match native `<select>` behavior, and prevents CSS `:hover` from activating on the trigger when hovering over the label.

### Grouped

Organize related options with `<Combobox.Group>` and `<Combobox.GroupLabel>` to add section headings inside the popup.

Groups are represented by an array of objects with an `items` property, which itself is an array of individual items for each group. An extra property, such as `value`, can be provided for the heading text when rendering the group label.

```tsx title="Example" {3,9,13}
interface ProduceGroupItem {
  value: string;
  items: string[];
}

const groups: ProduceGroupItem[] = [
  {
    value: 'Fruits',
    items: ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'],
  },
  {
    value: 'Vegetables',
    items: ['Carrot', 'Lettuce', 'Spinach'],
  },
];
```

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';

export default function ExampleGroupedCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();
  return (
    <Combobox.Root items={groupedProduce}>
      <div className="relative flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm leading-5 font-medium text-gray-900">
        <label htmlFor={id}>Select produce</label>
        <div className="relative [&>input]:pr-[calc(0.5rem+1.5rem)] has-[.combobox-clear]:[&>input]:pr-[calc(0.5rem+1.5rem*2)]">
          <Combobox.Input
            placeholder="e.g. Mango"
            id={id}
            className="bg-[canvas] h-10 w-[16rem] rounded-md border border-gray-200 pl-3.5 text-base font-normal text-gray-900 focus:outline focus:outline-2 focus:-outline-offset-1 focus:outline-blue-800"
          />
          <div className="absolute right-2 bottom-0 flex h-10 items-center justify-center text-gray-600">
            <Combobox.Clear
              className="combobox-clear flex h-10 w-6 items-center justify-center rounded bg-transparent p-0"
              aria-label="Clear selection"
            >
              <ClearIcon className="size-4" />
            </Combobox.Clear>
            <Combobox.Trigger
              className="flex h-10 w-6 items-center justify-center rounded bg-transparent p-0"
              aria-label="Open popup"
            >
              <ChevronDownIcon className="size-4" />
            </Combobox.Trigger>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className="outline-none" sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup className="w-[var(--anchor-width)] max-h-[23rem] max-w-[var(--available-width)] origin-[var(--transform-origin)] overflow-hidden rounded-md bg-[canvas] pt-0 text-gray-900 shadow-lg shadow-gray-200 outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-[transform,scale,opacity] data-[ending-style]:scale-95 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:scale-95 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:shadow-none dark:outline-gray-300 duration-100">
            <Combobox.Empty className="p-4 text-[0.925rem] leading-4 text-gray-600 empty:m-0 empty:p-0">
              No produce found.
            </Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List className="outline-0 overflow-y-auto scroll-pt-[2.25rem] scroll-pb-[0.5rem] overscroll-contain max-h-[min(23rem,var(--available-height))]">
              {(group: ProduceGroup) => (
                <Combobox.Group key={group.value} items={group.items} className="block pb-2">
                  <Combobox.GroupLabel className="sticky top-0 z-[1] mb-0 mr-2 mt-0 ml-0 w-[calc(100%-0.5rem)] bg-[canvas] pr-4 pl-[2.25rem] pt-3 pb-1 text-[0.7rem] font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider">
                    {group.value}
                  </Combobox.GroupLabel>
                  <Combobox.Collection>
                    {(item: Produce) => (
                      <Combobox.Item
                        key={item.id}
                        className="grid cursor-default grid-cols-[0.75rem_1fr] items-center gap-2 py-2 pr-8 pl-4 text-base leading-4 outline-none select-none data-[highlighted]:relative data-[highlighted]:z-0 data-[highlighted]:text-gray-50 data-[highlighted]:before:absolute data-[highlighted]:before:inset-x-2 data-[highlighted]:before:inset-y-0 data-[highlighted]:before:z-[-1] data-[highlighted]:before:rounded-sm data-[highlighted]:before:bg-gray-900"
                        value={item}
                      >
                        <Combobox.ItemIndicator className="col-start-1 flex items-center justify-center">
                          <CheckIcon className="size-3" />
                        </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                        <div className="col-start-2">{item.label}</div>
                      </Combobox.Item>
                    )}
                  </Combobox.Collection>
                </Combobox.Group>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ClearIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6L6 18" />
      <path d="M6 6l12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ChevronDownIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface Produce {
  id: string;
  label: string;
  group: 'Fruits' | 'Vegetables';
}

interface ProduceGroup {
  value: string;
  items: Produce[];
}

const produceData: Produce[] = [
  { id: 'fruit-apple', label: 'Apple', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-banana', label: 'Banana', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-mango', label: 'Mango', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-kiwi', label: 'Kiwi', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-grape', label: 'Grape', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-orange', label: 'Orange', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-strawberry', label: 'Strawberry', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-watermelon', label: 'Watermelon', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'veg-broccoli', label: 'Broccoli', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-carrot', label: 'Carrot', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-cauliflower', label: 'Cauliflower', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-cucumber', label: 'Cucumber', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-kale', label: 'Kale', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-pepper', label: 'Bell pepper', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-spinach', label: 'Spinach', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-zucchini', label: 'Zucchini', group: 'Vegetables' },
];

function groupProduce(items: Produce[]): ProduceGroup[] {
  const groups: Record<string, Produce[]> = {};
  items.forEach((item) => {
    (groups[item.group] ??= []).push(item);
  });
  const order = ['Fruits', 'Vegetables'];
  return order.map((value) => ({ value, items: groups[value] ?? [] }));
}

const groupedProduce: ProduceGroup[] = groupProduce(produceData);
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Input {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-left: 0.875rem;
  padding-right: calc(0.5rem + 1.5rem);
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  width: 16rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  outline: none;

  &:focus {
    border-color: var(--color-blue);
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-blue);
  }
}

.Label {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  position: relative;
}

.InputWrapper {
  position: relative;
}

.InputWrapper:has(.Clear) .Input {
  padding-right: calc(0.5rem + 1.5rem * 2);
}

.ActionButtons {
  --size: 1.5rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: absolute;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  bottom: 0;
  height: 2.5rem;
  right: 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  border: none;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 0;
}

.Trigger,
.Clear {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: var(--size);
  height: 2.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  background: none;
}

.ClearIcon,
.TriggerIcon {
  width: 1rem;
  height: 1rem;
}

.Positioner {
  outline: 0;
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  width: var(--anchor-width);
  max-height: 23rem;
  max-width: var(--available-width);
  transition:
    opacity 0.1s,
    transform 0.1s;
  transform-origin: var(--transform-origin);

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.95);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    box-shadow:
      0 10px 15px -3px var(--color-gray-200),
      0 4px 6px -4px var(--color-gray-200);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }
}

.List {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  overflow: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  scroll-padding-top: 2.25rem;
  scroll-padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  max-height: min(23rem, var(--available-height));
  outline: 0;
}

.Group {
  display: block;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.GroupLabel {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem 0.25rem calc(1rem + 0.75rem + 0.5rem);
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  background-color: canvas;
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 1;
  top: 0;
  margin: 0 0.5rem 0 0;
  width: calc(100% - 0.5rem);
}

.Item {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;
  user-select: none;
  padding: 0.5rem 2rem 0.5rem 1rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.75rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1rem;

  &[data-highlighted] {
    z-index: 0;
    position: relative;
    color: var(--color-gray-50);
  }

  &[data-highlighted]::before {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 0;
    inset-inline: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 0.25rem;
    background-color: var(--color-gray-900);
  }
}

.ItemIndicator {
  grid-column-start: 1;
}

.ItemIndicatorIcon {
  display: block;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
}

.ItemText {
  grid-column-start: 2;
}

.Empty:not(:empty) {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.925rem;
  line-height: 1rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleGroupedCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();
  return (
    <Combobox.Root items={groupedProduce}>
      <div className={styles.Label}>
        <label htmlFor={id}>Select produce</label>
        <div className={styles.InputWrapper}>
          <Combobox.Input placeholder="e.g. Mango" className={styles.Input} id={id} />
          <div className={styles.ActionButtons}>
            <Combobox.Clear className={styles.Clear} aria-label="Clear selection">
              <ClearIcon className={styles.ClearIcon} />
            </Combobox.Clear>
            <Combobox.Trigger className={styles.Trigger} aria-label="Open popup">
              <ChevronDownIcon className={styles.TriggerIcon} />
            </Combobox.Trigger>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className={styles.Positioner} sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
            <Combobox.Empty className={styles.Empty}>No produce found.</Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List className={styles.List}>
              {(group: ProduceGroup) => (
                <Combobox.Group key={group.value} items={group.items} className={styles.Group}>
                  <Combobox.GroupLabel className={styles.GroupLabel}>
                    {group.value}
                  </Combobox.GroupLabel>
                  <Combobox.Collection>
                    {(item: Produce) => (
                      <Combobox.Item key={item.id} className={styles.Item} value={item}>
                        <Combobox.ItemIndicator className={styles.ItemIndicator}>
                          <CheckIcon className={styles.ItemIndicatorIcon} />
                        </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                        <div className={styles.ItemText}>{item.label}</div>
                      </Combobox.Item>
                    )}
                  </Combobox.Collection>
                </Combobox.Group>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ClearIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6L6 18" />
      <path d="M6 6l12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ChevronDownIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface Produce {
  id: string;
  label: string;
  group: 'Fruits' | 'Vegetables';
}

interface ProduceGroup {
  value: string;
  items: Produce[];
}

const produceData: Produce[] = [
  { id: 'fruit-apple', label: 'Apple', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-banana', label: 'Banana', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-mango', label: 'Mango', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-kiwi', label: 'Kiwi', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-grape', label: 'Grape', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-orange', label: 'Orange', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-strawberry', label: 'Strawberry', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'fruit-watermelon', label: 'Watermelon', group: 'Fruits' },
  { id: 'veg-broccoli', label: 'Broccoli', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-carrot', label: 'Carrot', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-cauliflower', label: 'Cauliflower', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-cucumber', label: 'Cucumber', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-kale', label: 'Kale', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-pepper', label: 'Bell pepper', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-spinach', label: 'Spinach', group: 'Vegetables' },
  { id: 'veg-zucchini', label: 'Zucchini', group: 'Vegetables' },
];

function groupProduce(items: Produce[]): ProduceGroup[] {
  const groups: Record<string, Produce[]> = {};
  items.forEach((item) => {
    (groups[item.group] ??= []).push(item);
  });
  const order = ['Fruits', 'Vegetables'];
  return order.map((value) => ({ value, items: groups[value] ?? [] }));
}

const groupedProduce: ProduceGroup[] = groupProduce(produceData);
```

### Async search (single)

Load items from a remote source by fetching on input changes. Keep the selected item in the `items` list so it remains available while new results stream in. This pattern avoids needing to load items upfront.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';

export default function ExampleAsyncSingleCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();

  const [searchResults, setSearchResults] = React.useState<DirectoryUser[]>([]);
  const [selectedValue, setSelectedValue] = React.useState<DirectoryUser | null>(null);
  const [searchValue, setSearchValue] = React.useState('');
  const [error, setError] = React.useState<string | null>(null);
  const [isPending, startTransition] = React.useTransition();

  const { contains } = Combobox.useFilter();

  const abortControllerRef = React.useRef<AbortController | null>(null);

  const trimmedSearchValue = searchValue.trim();

  const items = React.useMemo(() => {
    if (!selectedValue || searchResults.some((user) => user.id === selectedValue.id)) {
      return searchResults;
    }

    return [...searchResults, selectedValue];
  }, [searchResults, selectedValue]);

  function getStatus() {
    if (isPending) {
      return (
        <React.Fragment>
          <span
            aria-hidden
            className="inline-block size-3 animate-spin rounded-full border border-current border-r-transparent rtl:border-r-current rtl:border-l-transparent"
          />
          Searching…
        </React.Fragment>
      );
    }

    if (error) {
      return error;
    }

    if (trimmedSearchValue === '') {
      return selectedValue ? null : 'Start typing to search people…';
    }

    if (searchResults.length === 0) {
      return `No matches for "${trimmedSearchValue}".`;
    }

    return null;
  }

  function getEmptyMessage() {
    if (trimmedSearchValue === '' || isPending || searchResults.length > 0 || error) {
      return null;
    }
    return 'Try a different search term.';
  }

  return (
    <Combobox.Root
      items={items}
      itemToStringLabel={(user: DirectoryUser) => user.name}
      filter={null}
      onOpenChangeComplete={(open) => {
        if (!open && selectedValue) {
          setSearchResults([selectedValue]);
        }
      }}
      onValueChange={(nextSelectedValue) => {
        setSelectedValue(nextSelectedValue);
        setSearchValue('');
        setError(null);
      }}
      onInputValueChange={(nextSearchValue, { reason }) => {
        setSearchValue(nextSearchValue);

        if (nextSearchValue === '') {
          setSearchResults([]);
          setError(null);
          return;
        }

        if (reason === 'item-press') {
          return;
        }

        const controller = new AbortController();
        abortControllerRef.current?.abort();
        abortControllerRef.current = controller;

        startTransition(async () => {
          setError(null);

          const result = await searchUsers(nextSearchValue, contains);

          if (controller.signal.aborted) {
            return;
          }

          startTransition(() => {
            setSearchResults(result.users);
            setError(result.error);
          });
        });
      }}
    >
      <div className="relative flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm font-medium leading-5 text-gray-900">
        <label htmlFor={id}>Assign reviewer</label>
        <div className="relative w-[16rem] md:w-[20rem] [&>input]:pr-[calc(0.5rem+1.5rem)] has-[.combobox-clear]:[&>input]:pr-[calc(0.5rem+1.5rem*2)]">
          <Combobox.Input
            id={id}
            placeholder="e.g. Michael"
            className="box-border h-10 w-full rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-[canvas] pl-3.5 text-base font-normal text-gray-900 focus:outline focus:outline-2 focus:-outline-offset-1 focus:outline-blue-800"
          />
          <div className="absolute bottom-0 right-2 flex h-10 items-center justify-center text-gray-600">
            <Combobox.Clear
              className="combobox-clear flex h-10 w-6 items-center justify-center rounded border-0 bg-transparent p-0"
              aria-label="Clear selection"
            >
              <ClearIcon className="size-4" />
            </Combobox.Clear>
            <Combobox.Trigger
              className="flex h-10 w-6 items-center justify-center rounded border-0 bg-transparent p-0"
              aria-label="Open popup"
            >
              <ChevronDownIcon className="size-4" />
            </Combobox.Trigger>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className="outline-none" sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup
            className="box-border w-[var(--anchor-width)] max-h-[min(var(--available-height),23rem)] max-w-[var(--available-width)] origin-[var(--transform-origin)] overflow-y-auto scroll-pb-2 scroll-pt-2 overscroll-contain rounded-md bg-[canvas] py-2 text-gray-900 shadow-[0_10px_15px_-3px_var(--color-gray-200),0_4px_6px_-4px_var(--color-gray-200)] outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-[transform,scale,opacity] data-[ending-style]:transition-none data-[starting-style]:scale-95 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:-outline-offset-1 dark:shadow-none dark:outline-gray-300"
            aria-busy={isPending || undefined}
          >
            <Combobox.Status className="flex items-center gap-2 py-1 pl-4 pr-5 text-sm text-gray-600 empty:hidden">
              {getStatus()}
            </Combobox.Status>
            <Combobox.Empty className="px-4 py-2 text-[0.875rem] leading-4 text-gray-600 empty:hidden">
              {getEmptyMessage()}
            </Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List>
              {(user: DirectoryUser) => (
                <Combobox.Item
                  key={user.id}
                  value={user}
                  className="grid cursor-default select-none grid-cols-[0.75rem_1fr] items-start gap-2 py-2 pl-4 pr-5 text-base leading-[1.2rem] outline-none [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:relative [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:z-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:text-gray-900 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:absolute [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-y-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-x-2 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:z-[-1] [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:rounded [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:bg-gray-100 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:content-['']"
                >
                  <Combobox.ItemIndicator className="col-start-1 mt-1">
                    <CheckIcon className="size-3" />
                  </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                  <div className="col-start-2 flex flex-col gap-1">
                    <div className="text-[0.95rem] font-medium">{user.name}</div>
                    <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-3 text-[0.8125rem] text-gray-600">
                      <span className="opacity-80">@{user.username}</span>
                      <span>{user.title}</span>
                    </div>
                    <div className="text-xs opacity-80">{user.email}</div>
                  </div>
                </Combobox.Item>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ClearIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6L6 18" />
      <path d="M6 6l12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ChevronDownIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface DirectoryUser {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  username: string;
  email: string;
  title: string;
}

async function searchUsers(
  query: string,
  filter: (item: string, query: string) => boolean,
): Promise<{ users: DirectoryUser[]; error: string | null }> {
  // Simulate network delay
  await new Promise((resolve) => {
    setTimeout(resolve, Math.random() * 500 + 100);
  });

  // Simulate occasional network errors (1% chance)
  if (Math.random() < 0.01 || query === 'will_error') {
    return {
      users: [],
      error: 'Failed to fetch people. Please try again.',
    };
  }

  const users = allUsers.filter((user) => {
    return (
      filter(user.name, query) ||
      filter(user.username, query) ||
      filter(user.email, query) ||
      filter(user.title, query)
    );
  });

  return {
    users,
    error: null,
  };
}

const allUsers: DirectoryUser[] = [
  {
    id: 'leslie-alexander',
    name: 'Leslie Alexander',
    username: 'leslie',
    email: 'leslie.alexander@example.com',
    title: 'Product Manager',
  },
  {
    id: 'kathryn-murphy',
    name: 'Kathryn Murphy',
    username: 'kathryn',
    email: 'kathryn.murphy@example.com',
    title: 'Marketing Lead',
  },
  {
    id: 'courtney-henry',
    name: 'Courtney Henry',
    username: 'courtney',
    email: 'courtney.henry@example.com',
    title: 'Design Systems',
  },
  {
    id: 'michael-foster',
    name: 'Michael Foster',
    username: 'michael',
    email: 'michael.foster@example.com',
    title: 'Engineering Manager',
  },
  {
    id: 'lindsay-walton',
    name: 'Lindsay Walton',
    username: 'lindsay',
    email: 'lindsay.walton@example.com',
    title: 'Product Designer',
  },
  {
    id: 'tom-cook',
    name: 'Tom Cook',
    username: 'tom',
    email: 'tom.cook@example.com',
    title: 'Frontend Engineer',
  },
  {
    id: 'whitney-francis',
    name: 'Whitney Francis',
    username: 'whitney',
    email: 'whitney.francis@example.com',
    title: 'Customer Success',
  },
  {
    id: 'jacob-jones',
    name: 'Jacob Jones',
    username: 'jacob',
    email: 'jacob.jones@example.com',
    title: 'Security Engineer',
  },
  {
    id: 'arlene-mccoy',
    name: 'Arlene McCoy',
    username: 'arlene',
    email: 'arlene.mccoy@example.com',
    title: 'Data Analyst',
  },
  {
    id: 'marvin-mckinney',
    name: 'Marvin McKinney',
    username: 'marvin',
    email: 'marvin.mckinney@example.com',
    title: 'QA Specialist',
  },
  {
    id: 'eleanor-pena',
    name: 'Eleanor Pena',
    username: 'eleanor',
    email: 'eleanor.pena@example.com',
    title: 'Operations',
  },
  {
    id: 'jerome-bell',
    name: 'Jerome Bell',
    username: 'jerome',
    email: 'jerome.bell@example.com',
    title: 'DevOps Engineer',
  },
];
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Label {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  position: relative;
}

.InputWrapper {
  position: relative;
  width: 16rem;

  @media (min-width: 500px) {
    width: 20rem;
  }

  &:has(.Clear) .Input {
    padding-right: calc(0.5rem + 1.5rem * 2);
  }
}

.Input {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding-left: 0.875rem;
  padding-right: calc(0.5rem + 1.5rem);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);

  &:focus {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.ActionButtons {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: absolute;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  bottom: 0;
  height: 2.5rem;
  right: 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  border: none;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 0;
}

.Trigger,
.Clear {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 1.5rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
  background: none;
}

.ClearIcon,
.TriggerIcon {
  width: 1rem;
  height: 1rem;
}

.Positioner {
  outline: 0;
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  width: var(--anchor-width);
  max-height: min(var(--available-height), 23rem);
  max-width: var(--available-width);
  overflow-y: auto;
  scroll-padding-block: 0.5rem;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  transition:
    opacity 0.1s,
    transform 0.1s;
  transform-origin: var(--transform-origin);

  &[data-starting-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.95);
  }

  &[data-ending-style] {
    transition: none;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    box-shadow:
      0 10px 15px -3px var(--color-gray-200),
      0 4px 6px -4px var(--color-gray-200);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Status {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding-block: 0.25rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  padding-right: 1.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Status:empty {
  display: none;
}

.Spinner {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 10rem;
  border: 1px solid currentColor;
  border-right-color: transparent;
  animation: comboboxSpinner 0.75s linear infinite;
}

.Spinner:dir(rtl) {
  border-right-color: currentColor;
  border-left-color: transparent;
}

@keyframes comboboxSpinner {
  100% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}

.Item {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;
  user-select: none;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  padding-inline: 1rem;
  padding-right: 1.25rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  grid-template-columns: 0.75rem 1fr;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.2rem;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &[data-highlighted] {
      z-index: 0;
      position: relative;
      color: var(--color-gray-900);
    }

    &[data-highlighted]::before {
      content: '';
      z-index: -1;
      position: absolute;
      inset-block: 0;
      inset-inline: 0.5rem;
      border-radius: 0.25rem;
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }
}

.ItemIndicator {
  grid-column-start: 1;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.ItemIndicatorIcon {
  display: block;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
}

.ItemText {
  grid-column-start: 2;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.ItemTitle {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.ItemSubtitle {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.ItemUsername {
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.ItemEmail {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.Empty:not(:empty) {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleAsyncSingleCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();

  const [searchResults, setSearchResults] = React.useState<DirectoryUser[]>([]);
  const [selectedValue, setSelectedValue] = React.useState<DirectoryUser | null>(null);
  const [searchValue, setSearchValue] = React.useState('');
  const [error, setError] = React.useState<string | null>(null);
  const [isPending, startTransition] = React.useTransition();

  const { contains } = Combobox.useFilter();

  const abortControllerRef = React.useRef<AbortController | null>(null);

  const trimmedSearchValue = searchValue.trim();

  const items = React.useMemo(() => {
    if (!selectedValue || searchResults.some((user) => user.id === selectedValue.id)) {
      return searchResults;
    }

    return [...searchResults, selectedValue];
  }, [searchResults, selectedValue]);

  function getStatus() {
    if (isPending) {
      return (
        <React.Fragment>
          <span className={styles.Spinner} aria-hidden />
          Searching…
        </React.Fragment>
      );
    }

    if (error) {
      return error;
    }

    if (trimmedSearchValue === '') {
      return selectedValue ? null : 'Start typing to search people…';
    }

    if (searchResults.length === 0) {
      return `No matches for "${trimmedSearchValue}".`;
    }

    return null;
  }

  function getEmptyMessage() {
    if (trimmedSearchValue === '' || isPending || searchResults.length > 0 || error) {
      return null;
    }

    return 'Try a different search term.';
  }

  return (
    <Combobox.Root
      items={items}
      itemToStringLabel={(user: DirectoryUser) => user.name}
      filter={null}
      onOpenChangeComplete={(open) => {
        if (!open && selectedValue) {
          setSearchResults([selectedValue]);
        }
      }}
      onValueChange={(nextSelectedValue) => {
        setSelectedValue(nextSelectedValue);
        setSearchValue('');
        setError(null);
      }}
      onInputValueChange={(nextSearchValue, { reason }) => {
        setSearchValue(nextSearchValue);

        const controller = new AbortController();
        abortControllerRef.current?.abort();
        abortControllerRef.current = controller;

        if (nextSearchValue === '') {
          setSearchResults([]);
          setError(null);
          return;
        }

        if (reason === 'item-press') {
          return;
        }

        startTransition(async () => {
          setError(null);

          const result = await searchUsers(nextSearchValue, contains);

          if (controller.signal.aborted) {
            return;
          }

          startTransition(() => {
            setSearchResults(result.users);
            setError(result.error);
          });
        });
      }}
    >
      <div className={styles.Label}>
        <label htmlFor={id}>Assign reviewer</label>
        <div className={styles.InputWrapper}>
          <Combobox.Input id={id} placeholder="e.g. Michael" className={styles.Input} />
          <div className={styles.ActionButtons}>
            <Combobox.Clear className={styles.Clear} aria-label="Clear selection">
              <ClearIcon className={styles.ClearIcon} />
            </Combobox.Clear>
            <Combobox.Trigger className={styles.Trigger} aria-label="Open popup">
              <ChevronDownIcon className={styles.TriggerIcon} />
            </Combobox.Trigger>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className={styles.Positioner} sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup className={styles.Popup} aria-busy={isPending || undefined}>
            <Combobox.Status className={styles.Status}>{getStatus()}</Combobox.Status>
            <Combobox.Empty className={styles.Empty}>{getEmptyMessage()}</Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List>
              {(user: DirectoryUser) => (
                <Combobox.Item key={user.id} className={styles.Item} value={user}>
                  <Combobox.ItemIndicator className={styles.ItemIndicator}>
                    <CheckIcon className={styles.ItemIndicatorIcon} />
                  </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                  <div className={styles.ItemText}>
                    <div className={styles.ItemTitle}>{user.name}</div>
                    <div className={styles.ItemSubtitle}>
                      <span className={styles.ItemUsername}>@{user.username}</span>
                      <span>{user.title}</span>
                    </div>
                    <div className={styles.ItemEmail}>{user.email}</div>
                  </div>
                </Combobox.Item>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ClearIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6L6 18" />
      <path d="M6 6l12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function ChevronDownIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface DirectoryUser {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  username: string;
  email: string;
  title: string;
}

async function searchUsers(
  query: string,
  filter: (item: string, query: string) => boolean,
): Promise<{ users: DirectoryUser[]; error: string | null }> {
  // Simulate network delay
  await new Promise((resolve) => {
    setTimeout(resolve, Math.random() * 500 + 100);
  });

  // Simulate occasional network errors (1% chance)
  if (Math.random() < 0.01 || query === 'will_error') {
    return {
      users: [],
      error: 'Failed to fetch people. Please try again.',
    };
  }

  const users = allUsers.filter((user) => {
    return (
      filter(user.name, query) ||
      filter(user.username, query) ||
      filter(user.email, query) ||
      filter(user.title, query)
    );
  });

  return {
    users,
    error: null,
  };
}

const allUsers: DirectoryUser[] = [
  {
    id: 'leslie-alexander',
    name: 'Leslie Alexander',
    username: 'leslie',
    email: 'leslie.alexander@example.com',
    title: 'Product Manager',
  },
  {
    id: 'kathryn-murphy',
    name: 'Kathryn Murphy',
    username: 'kathryn',
    email: 'kathryn.murphy@example.com',
    title: 'Marketing Lead',
  },
  {
    id: 'courtney-henry',
    name: 'Courtney Henry',
    username: 'courtney',
    email: 'courtney.henry@example.com',
    title: 'Design Systems',
  },
  {
    id: 'michael-foster',
    name: 'Michael Foster',
    username: 'michael',
    email: 'michael.foster@example.com',
    title: 'Engineering Manager',
  },
  {
    id: 'lindsay-walton',
    name: 'Lindsay Walton',
    username: 'lindsay',
    email: 'lindsay.walton@example.com',
    title: 'Product Designer',
  },
  {
    id: 'tom-cook',
    name: 'Tom Cook',
    username: 'tom',
    email: 'tom.cook@example.com',
    title: 'Frontend Engineer',
  },
  {
    id: 'whitney-francis',
    name: 'Whitney Francis',
    username: 'whitney',
    email: 'whitney.francis@example.com',
    title: 'Customer Success',
  },
  {
    id: 'jacob-jones',
    name: 'Jacob Jones',
    username: 'jacob',
    email: 'jacob.jones@example.com',
    title: 'Security Engineer',
  },
  {
    id: 'arlene-mccoy',
    name: 'Arlene McCoy',
    username: 'arlene',
    email: 'arlene.mccoy@example.com',
    title: 'Data Analyst',
  },
  {
    id: 'marvin-mckinney',
    name: 'Marvin McKinney',
    username: 'marvin',
    email: 'marvin.mckinney@example.com',
    title: 'QA Specialist',
  },
  {
    id: 'eleanor-pena',
    name: 'Eleanor Pena',
    username: 'eleanor',
    email: 'eleanor.pena@example.com',
    title: 'Operations',
  },
  {
    id: 'jerome-bell',
    name: 'Jerome Bell',
    username: 'jerome',
    email: 'jerome.bell@example.com',
    title: 'DevOps Engineer',
  },
];
```

### Async search (multiple)

Load items from a remote source by fetching on input changes while supporting multiple selections. Selected items remain available in the list while new matches stream in. This pattern avoids needing to load items upfront.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';

export default function ExampleAsyncMultipleCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();

  const containerRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);

  const [searchResults, setSearchResults] = React.useState<DirectoryUser[]>([]);
  const [selectedValues, setSelectedValues] = React.useState<DirectoryUser[]>([]);
  const [searchValue, setSearchValue] = React.useState('');
  const [error, setError] = React.useState<string | null>(null);
  const [blockStartStatus, setBlockStartStatus] = React.useState(false);

  const [isPending, startTransition] = React.useTransition();

  const { contains } = Combobox.useFilter();

  const abortControllerRef = React.useRef<AbortController | null>(null);
  const selectedValuesRef = React.useRef<DirectoryUser[]>([]);

  const trimmedSearchValue = searchValue.trim();

  const items = React.useMemo(() => {
    if (selectedValues.length === 0) {
      return searchResults;
    }

    const merged = [...searchResults];

    selectedValues.forEach((user) => {
      if (!searchResults.some((result) => result.id === user.id)) {
        merged.push(user);
      }
    });

    return merged;
  }, [searchResults, selectedValues]);

  function getStatus() {
    if (isPending) {
      return (
        <React.Fragment>
          <span
            aria-hidden
            className="inline-block size-3 animate-[spin_0.75s_linear_infinite] rounded-full border border-current border-r-transparent rtl:border-r-current rtl:border-l-transparent"
          />
          Searching…
        </React.Fragment>
      );
    }

    if (error) {
      return error;
    }

    if (trimmedSearchValue === '' && !blockStartStatus) {
      return selectedValues.length > 0 ? null : 'Start typing to search people…';
    }

    if (searchResults.length === 0 && !blockStartStatus) {
      return `No matches for "${trimmedSearchValue}".`;
    }

    return null;
  }

  function getEmptyMessage() {
    if (trimmedSearchValue === '' || isPending || searchResults.length > 0 || error) {
      return null;
    }

    return 'Try a different search term.';
  }

  return (
    <Combobox.Root
      items={items}
      itemToStringLabel={(user: DirectoryUser) => user.name}
      multiple
      filter={null}
      onOpenChangeComplete={(open) => {
        if (!open) {
          setSearchResults(selectedValuesRef.current);
          setBlockStartStatus(false);
        }
      }}
      onValueChange={(nextSelectedValues) => {
        selectedValuesRef.current = nextSelectedValues;
        setSelectedValues(nextSelectedValues);
        setSearchValue('');
        setError(null);

        if (nextSelectedValues.length === 0) {
          setSearchResults([]);
          setBlockStartStatus(false);
        } else {
          setBlockStartStatus(true);
        }
      }}
      onInputValueChange={(nextSearchValue, { reason }) => {
        setSearchValue(nextSearchValue);

        const controller = new AbortController();
        abortControllerRef.current?.abort();
        abortControllerRef.current = controller;

        if (nextSearchValue === '') {
          setSearchResults(selectedValuesRef.current);
          setError(null);
          setBlockStartStatus(false);
          return;
        }

        if (reason === 'item-press') {
          return;
        }

        startTransition(async () => {
          setError(null);

          const result = await searchUsers(nextSearchValue, contains);

          if (controller.signal.aborted) {
            return;
          }

          startTransition(() => {
            setSearchResults(result.users);
            setError(result.error);
          });
        });
      }}
    >
      <div className="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm font-medium text-gray-900">
        <label className="inline-flex text-inherit" htmlFor={id}>
          Assign reviewers
        </label>
        <Combobox.Chips
          className="relative flex min-h-10 w-[16rem] md:w-[20rem] flex-wrap items-center gap-1 rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-[canvas] px-1.5 py-1 focus-within:outline focus-within:outline-2 focus-within:-outline-offset-1 focus-within:outline-blue-800"
          ref={containerRef}
        >
          <Combobox.Value>
            {(value: DirectoryUser[]) => (
              <React.Fragment>
                {value.map((user) => (
                  <Combobox.Chip
                    key={user.id}
                    className="flex cursor-default items-center gap-1 rounded-md bg-gray-100 py-1 pl-2 pr-1 text-sm text-gray-900 outline-none focus-within:bg-blue-800 focus-within:text-gray-50 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:bg-blue-800 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:text-gray-50"
                    aria-label={user.name}
                  >
                    {user.name}
                    <Combobox.ChipRemove
                      className="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md border-none bg-transparent p-[0.2rem] text-inherit hover:bg-gray-200"
                      aria-label="Remove"
                    >
                      <XIcon />
                    </Combobox.ChipRemove>
                  </Combobox.Chip>
                ))}
                <Combobox.Input
                  id={id}
                  placeholder={value.length > 0 ? '' : 'e.g. Michael'}
                  className="h-8 min-w-24 flex-1 rounded-md border-0 bg-transparent pl-2 text-base font-normal text-gray-900 outline-none placeholder:font-normal"
                />
              </React.Fragment>
            )}
          </Combobox.Value>
        </Combobox.Chips>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className="outline-none" anchor={containerRef} sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup
            className="box-border w-[var(--anchor-width)] max-h-[min(var(--available-height),23rem)] max-w-[var(--available-width)] origin-[var(--transform-origin)] overflow-y-auto scroll-pb-2 scroll-pt-2 overscroll-contain rounded-md bg-[canvas] py-2 text-gray-900 shadow-[0_10px_15px_-3px_var(--color-gray-200),0_4px_6px_-4px_var(--color-gray-200)] outline outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-[opacity,transform,scale] duration-100 data-[ending-style]:transition-none data-[starting-style]:scale-95 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 dark:-outline-offset-1 dark:shadow-none dark:outline-gray-300"
            aria-busy={isPending || undefined}
          >
            <Combobox.Status className="flex items-center gap-2 py-1 pl-4 pr-5 text-sm text-gray-600 empty:hidden">
              {getStatus()}
            </Combobox.Status>
            <Combobox.Empty className="box-border px-4 py-2 text-sm leading-4 text-gray-600 empty:hidden">
              {getEmptyMessage()}
            </Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List>
              {(user: DirectoryUser) => (
                <Combobox.Item
                  key={user.id}
                  value={user}
                  className="grid cursor-default select-none grid-cols-[0.75rem_1fr] items-start gap-2 py-2 pl-4 pr-5 text-base leading-[1.2rem] outline-none [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:relative [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:z-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:text-gray-900 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:absolute [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-y-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-x-2 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:z-[-1] [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:rounded [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:bg-gray-100 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:content-['']"
                >
                  <Combobox.ItemIndicator className="col-start-1 mt-1">
                    <CheckIcon className="size-3" />
                  </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                  <div className="col-start-2 flex flex-col gap-1">
                    <div className="text-[0.95rem] font-medium">{user.name}</div>
                    <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2 text-[0.8125rem] text-gray-600">
                      <span className="opacity-80">@{user.username}</span>
                      <span>{user.title}</span>
                    </div>
                    <div className="text-xs text-gray-500">{user.email}</div>
                  </div>
                </Combobox.Item>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width={16}
      height={16}
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      aria-hidden
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface DirectoryUser {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  username: string;
  email: string;
  title: string;
}

async function searchUsers(
  query: string,
  filter: (item: string, query: string) => boolean,
): Promise<{ users: DirectoryUser[]; error: string | null }> {
  // Simulate network delay
  await new Promise((resolve) => {
    setTimeout(resolve, Math.random() * 500 + 100);
  });

  // Simulate occasional network errors (1% chance)
  if (Math.random() < 0.01 || query === 'will_error') {
    return {
      users: [],
      error: 'Failed to fetch people. Please try again.',
    };
  }

  const users = allUsers.filter((user) => {
    return (
      filter(user.name, query) ||
      filter(user.username, query) ||
      filter(user.email, query) ||
      filter(user.title, query)
    );
  });

  return {
    users,
    error: null,
  };
}

const allUsers: DirectoryUser[] = [
  {
    id: 'leslie-alexander',
    name: 'Leslie Alexander',
    username: 'leslie',
    email: 'leslie.alexander@example.com',
    title: 'Product Manager',
  },
  {
    id: 'kathryn-murphy',
    name: 'Kathryn Murphy',
    username: 'kathryn',
    email: 'kathryn.murphy@example.com',
    title: 'Marketing Lead',
  },
  {
    id: 'courtney-henry',
    name: 'Courtney Henry',
    username: 'courtney',
    email: 'courtney.henry@example.com',
    title: 'Design Systems',
  },
  {
    id: 'michael-foster',
    name: 'Michael Foster',
    username: 'michael',
    email: 'michael.foster@example.com',
    title: 'Engineering Manager',
  },
  {
    id: 'lindsay-walton',
    name: 'Lindsay Walton',
    username: 'lindsay',
    email: 'lindsay.walton@example.com',
    title: 'Product Designer',
  },
  {
    id: 'tom-cook',
    name: 'Tom Cook',
    username: 'tom',
    email: 'tom.cook@example.com',
    title: 'Frontend Engineer',
  },
  {
    id: 'whitney-francis',
    name: 'Whitney Francis',
    username: 'whitney',
    email: 'whitney.francis@example.com',
    title: 'Customer Success',
  },
  {
    id: 'jacob-jones',
    name: 'Jacob Jones',
    username: 'jacob',
    email: 'jacob.jones@example.com',
    title: 'Security Engineer',
  },
  {
    id: 'arlene-mccoy',
    name: 'Arlene McCoy',
    username: 'arlene',
    email: 'arlene.mccoy@example.com',
    title: 'Data Analyst',
  },
  {
    id: 'marvin-mckinney',
    name: 'Marvin McKinney',
    username: 'marvin',
    email: 'marvin.mckinney@example.com',
    title: 'QA Specialist',
  },
  {
    id: 'eleanor-pena',
    name: 'Eleanor Pena',
    username: 'eleanor',
    email: 'eleanor.pena@example.com',
    title: 'Operations',
  },
  {
    id: 'jerome-bell',
    name: 'Jerome Bell',
    username: 'jerome',
    email: 'jerome.bell@example.com',
    title: 'DevOps Engineer',
  },
];
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
}

.Label {
  display: inline-flex;
  color: inherit;
}

.Chips {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.375rem;
  min-height: 2.5rem;
  width: 16rem;

  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: canvas;

  &:focus-within {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }

  @media (min-width: 500px) {
    width: 20rem;
  }
}

.Chip {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  padding: 0.25rem 0.25rem 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;

  &:focus-within {
    background-color: var(--color-blue);
    color: var(--color-gray-50);
  }

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &[data-highlighted] {
      background-color: var(--color-blue);
      color: var(--color-gray-50);
    }
  }
}

.ChipRemove {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.2rem;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  color: inherit;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-200);
    }
  }
}

.Input {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 6rem;
  height: 2rem;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  padding-left: 0.5rem;
  background: none;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);

  &:focus {
    outline: none;
  }
}

.Positioner {
  outline: 0;
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  width: var(--anchor-width);
  max-height: min(var(--available-height), 23rem);
  max-width: var(--available-width);
  overflow-y: auto;
  scroll-padding-block: 0.5rem;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  transition:
    opacity 0.1s,
    transform 0.1s;
  transform-origin: var(--transform-origin);

  &[data-starting-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.95);
  }

  &[data-ending-style] {
    transition: none;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    box-shadow:
      0 10px 15px -3px var(--color-gray-200),
      0 4px 6px -4px var(--color-gray-200);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Status {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding-block: 0.25rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  padding-right: 1.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.Status:empty {
  display: none;
}

.Spinner {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 10rem;
  border: 1px solid currentColor;
  border-right-color: transparent;
  animation: comboboxSpinner 0.75s linear infinite;
}

.Spinner:dir(rtl) {
  border-right-color: currentColor;
  border-left-color: transparent;
}

@keyframes comboboxSpinner {
  100% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}

.Empty:not(:empty) {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
}

.Item {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;
  user-select: none;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  padding-inline: 1rem;
  padding-right: 1.25rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  grid-template-columns: 0.75rem 1fr;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.2rem;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &[data-highlighted] {
      z-index: 0;
      position: relative;
      color: var(--color-gray-900);
    }

    &[data-highlighted]::before {
      content: '';
      z-index: -1;
      position: absolute;
      inset-block: 0;
      inset-inline: 0.5rem;
      border-radius: 0.25rem;
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }
}

.ItemIndicator {
  grid-column-start: 1;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.ItemIndicatorIcon {
  display: block;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
}

.ItemText {
  grid-column-start: 2;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.ItemTitle {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.ItemSubtitle {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.ItemUsername {
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.ItemEmail {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-500);
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleAsyncMultipleCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();

  const containerRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);

  const [searchResults, setSearchResults] = React.useState<DirectoryUser[]>([]);
  const [selectedValues, setSelectedValues] = React.useState<DirectoryUser[]>([]);
  const [searchValue, setSearchValue] = React.useState('');
  const [error, setError] = React.useState<string | null>(null);
  const [blockStartStatus, setBlockStartStatus] = React.useState(false);

  const [isPending, startTransition] = React.useTransition();

  const { contains } = Combobox.useFilter();

  const abortControllerRef = React.useRef<AbortController | null>(null);
  const selectedValuesRef = React.useRef<DirectoryUser[]>([]);

  const trimmedSearchValue = searchValue.trim();

  const items = React.useMemo(() => {
    if (selectedValues.length === 0) {
      return searchResults;
    }

    const merged = [...searchResults];

    selectedValues.forEach((user) => {
      if (!searchResults.some((result) => result.id === user.id)) {
        merged.push(user);
      }
    });

    return merged;
  }, [searchResults, selectedValues]);

  function getStatus() {
    if (isPending) {
      return (
        <React.Fragment>
          <span className={styles.Spinner} aria-hidden />
          Searching…
        </React.Fragment>
      );
    }

    if (error) {
      return error;
    }

    if (trimmedSearchValue === '' && !blockStartStatus) {
      return selectedValues.length > 0 ? null : 'Start typing to search people…';
    }

    if (searchResults.length === 0 && !blockStartStatus) {
      return `No matches for "${trimmedSearchValue}".`;
    }

    return null;
  }

  function getEmptyMessage() {
    if (trimmedSearchValue === '' || isPending || searchResults.length > 0 || error) {
      return null;
    }

    return 'Try a different search term.';
  }

  return (
    <Combobox.Root
      items={items}
      itemToStringLabel={(user: DirectoryUser) => user.name}
      multiple
      filter={null}
      onOpenChangeComplete={(open) => {
        if (!open) {
          setSearchResults(selectedValuesRef.current);
          setBlockStartStatus(false);
        }
      }}
      onValueChange={(nextSelectedValues) => {
        selectedValuesRef.current = nextSelectedValues;
        setSelectedValues(nextSelectedValues);
        setSearchValue('');
        setError(null);

        if (nextSelectedValues.length === 0) {
          setSearchResults([]);
          setBlockStartStatus(false);
        } else {
          setBlockStartStatus(true);
        }
      }}
      onInputValueChange={(nextSearchValue, { reason }) => {
        setSearchValue(nextSearchValue);

        const controller = new AbortController();
        abortControllerRef.current?.abort();
        abortControllerRef.current = controller;

        if (nextSearchValue === '') {
          setSearchResults(selectedValuesRef.current);
          setError(null);
          setBlockStartStatus(false);
          return;
        }

        if (reason === 'item-press') {
          return;
        }

        startTransition(async () => {
          setError(null);

          const result = await searchUsers(nextSearchValue, contains);

          if (controller.signal.aborted) {
            return;
          }

          startTransition(() => {
            setSearchResults(result.users);
            setError(result.error);
          });
        });
      }}
    >
      <div className={styles.Container}>
        <label className={styles.Label} htmlFor={id}>
          Assign reviewers
        </label>
        <Combobox.Chips className={styles.Chips} ref={containerRef}>
          <Combobox.Value>
            {(value: DirectoryUser[]) => (
              <React.Fragment>
                {value.map((user) => (
                  <Combobox.Chip key={user.id} className={styles.Chip} aria-label={user.name}>
                    {user.name}
                    <Combobox.ChipRemove className={styles.ChipRemove} aria-label="Remove">
                      <XIcon />
                    </Combobox.ChipRemove>
                  </Combobox.Chip>
                ))}
                <Combobox.Input
                  id={id}
                  placeholder={value.length > 0 ? '' : 'e.g. Michael'}
                  className={styles.Input}
                />
              </React.Fragment>
            )}
          </Combobox.Value>
        </Combobox.Chips>
      </div>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className={styles.Positioner} anchor={containerRef} sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup className={styles.Popup} aria-busy={isPending || undefined}>
            <Combobox.Status className={styles.Status}>{getStatus()}</Combobox.Status>
            <Combobox.Empty className={styles.Empty}>{getEmptyMessage()}</Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List>
              {(user: DirectoryUser) => (
                <Combobox.Item key={user.id} className={styles.Item} value={user}>
                  <Combobox.ItemIndicator className={styles.ItemIndicator}>
                    <CheckIcon className={styles.ItemIndicatorIcon} />
                  </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                  <div className={styles.ItemText}>
                    <div className={styles.ItemTitle}>{user.name}</div>
                    <div className={styles.ItemSubtitle}>
                      <span className={styles.ItemUsername}>@{user.username}</span>
                      <span>{user.title}</span>
                    </div>
                    <div className={styles.ItemEmail}>{user.email}</div>
                  </div>
                </Combobox.Item>
              )}
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width={16}
      height={16}
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      aria-hidden
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface DirectoryUser {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  username: string;
  email: string;
  title: string;
}

async function searchUsers(
  query: string,
  filter: (item: string, query: string) => boolean,
): Promise<{ users: DirectoryUser[]; error: string | null }> {
  // Simulate network delay
  await new Promise((resolve) => {
    setTimeout(resolve, Math.random() * 500 + 100);
  });

  // Simulate occasional network errors (1% chance)
  if (Math.random() < 0.01 || query === 'will_error') {
    return {
      users: [],
      error: 'Failed to fetch people. Please try again.',
    };
  }

  const users = allUsers.filter((user) => {
    return (
      filter(user.name, query) ||
      filter(user.username, query) ||
      filter(user.email, query) ||
      filter(user.title, query)
    );
  });

  return {
    users,
    error: null,
  };
}

const allUsers: DirectoryUser[] = [
  {
    id: 'leslie-alexander',
    name: 'Leslie Alexander',
    username: 'leslie',
    email: 'leslie.alexander@example.com',
    title: 'Product Manager',
  },
  {
    id: 'kathryn-murphy',
    name: 'Kathryn Murphy',
    username: 'kathryn',
    email: 'kathryn.murphy@example.com',
    title: 'Marketing Lead',
  },
  {
    id: 'courtney-henry',
    name: 'Courtney Henry',
    username: 'courtney',
    email: 'courtney.henry@example.com',
    title: 'Design Systems',
  },
  {
    id: 'michael-foster',
    name: 'Michael Foster',
    username: 'michael',
    email: 'michael.foster@example.com',
    title: 'Engineering Manager',
  },
  {
    id: 'lindsay-walton',
    name: 'Lindsay Walton',
    username: 'lindsay',
    email: 'lindsay.walton@example.com',
    title: 'Product Designer',
  },
  {
    id: 'tom-cook',
    name: 'Tom Cook',
    username: 'tom',
    email: 'tom.cook@example.com',
    title: 'Frontend Engineer',
  },
  {
    id: 'whitney-francis',
    name: 'Whitney Francis',
    username: 'whitney',
    email: 'whitney.francis@example.com',
    title: 'Customer Success',
  },
  {
    id: 'jacob-jones',
    name: 'Jacob Jones',
    username: 'jacob',
    email: 'jacob.jones@example.com',
    title: 'Security Engineer',
  },
  {
    id: 'arlene-mccoy',
    name: 'Arlene McCoy',
    username: 'arlene',
    email: 'arlene.mccoy@example.com',
    title: 'Data Analyst',
  },
  {
    id: 'marvin-mckinney',
    name: 'Marvin McKinney',
    username: 'marvin',
    email: 'marvin.mckinney@example.com',
    title: 'QA Specialist',
  },
  {
    id: 'eleanor-pena',
    name: 'Eleanor Pena',
    username: 'eleanor',
    email: 'eleanor.pena@example.com',
    title: 'Operations',
  },
  {
    id: 'jerome-bell',
    name: 'Jerome Bell',
    username: 'jerome',
    email: 'jerome.bell@example.com',
    title: 'DevOps Engineer',
  },
];
```

### Creatable

Create a new item when the filter matches no items, opening a creation `<Dialog>`.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';

export default function ExampleCreatableCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();

  const [labels, setLabels] = React.useState<LabelItem[]>(initialLabels);
  const [selected, setSelected] = React.useState<LabelItem[]>([]);
  const [query, setQuery] = React.useState('');
  const [openDialog, setOpenDialog] = React.useState(false);

  const containerRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
  const createInputRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement | null>(null);
  const comboboxInputRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement | null>(null);
  const pendingQueryRef = React.useRef('');
  const highlightedItemRef = React.useRef<LabelItem | undefined>(undefined);

  function handleInputKeyDown(event: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLInputElement>) {
    if (event.key !== 'Enter' || highlightedItemRef.current) {
      return;
    }

    const currentTrimmed = query.trim();
    if (currentTrimmed === '') {
      return;
    }

    const normalized = currentTrimmed.toLocaleLowerCase();
    const existing = labels.find((label) => label.value.trim().toLocaleLowerCase() === normalized);

    if (existing) {
      setSelected((prev) =>
        prev.some((item) => item.id === existing.id) ? prev : [...prev, existing],
      );
      setQuery('');
      return;
    }

    pendingQueryRef.current = currentTrimmed;
    setOpenDialog(true);
  }

  function handleCreate() {
    const input = createInputRef.current || comboboxInputRef.current;
    const value = input ? input.value.trim() : '';
    if (!value) {
      return;
    }

    const normalized = value.toLocaleLowerCase();
    const baseId = normalized.replace(/\s+/g, '-');
    const existing = labels.find((l) => l.value.trim().toLocaleLowerCase() === normalized);

    if (existing) {
      setSelected((prev) => (prev.some((i) => i.id === existing.id) ? prev : [...prev, existing]));
      setOpenDialog(false);
      setQuery('');
      return;
    }

    // Ensure we don't collide with an existing id (e.g., value "docs" vs. existing id "docs")
    const existingIds = new Set(labels.map((l) => l.id));
    let uniqueId = baseId;
    if (existingIds.has(uniqueId)) {
      let i = 2;
      while (existingIds.has(`${baseId}-${i}`)) {
        i += 1;
      }
      uniqueId = `${baseId}-${i}`;
    }

    const newItem: LabelItem = { id: uniqueId, value };

    if (!selected.find((item) => item.id === newItem.id)) {
      setLabels((prev) => [...prev, newItem]);
      setSelected((prev) => [...prev, newItem]);
    }

    setOpenDialog(false);
    setQuery('');
  }

  function handleCreateSubmit(event: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) {
    event.preventDefault();
    handleCreate();
  }

  const trimmed = query.trim();
  const lowered = trimmed.toLocaleLowerCase();
  const exactExists = labels.some((l) => l.value.trim().toLocaleLowerCase() === lowered);
  // Show the creatable item alongside matches if there's no exact match
  const itemsForView: Array<LabelItem> =
    trimmed !== '' && !exactExists
      ? [...labels, { creatable: trimmed, id: `create:${lowered}`, value: `Create "${trimmed}"` }]
      : labels;

  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <Combobox.Root
        items={itemsForView}
        multiple
        onValueChange={(next) => {
          const creatableSelection = next.find(
            (item) => item.creatable && !selected.some((current) => current.id === item.id),
          );

          if (creatableSelection && creatableSelection.creatable) {
            pendingQueryRef.current = creatableSelection.creatable;
            setOpenDialog(true);
            return;
          }
          const clean = next.filter((i) => !i.creatable);
          setSelected(clean);
          setQuery('');
        }}
        value={selected}
        inputValue={query}
        onInputValueChange={setQuery}
        onItemHighlighted={(item) => {
          highlightedItemRef.current = item;
        }}
      >
        <div className="max-w-112 flex flex-col gap-1">
          <label className="text-sm leading-5 font-medium text-gray-900" htmlFor={id}>
            Labels
          </label>
          <Combobox.Chips
            className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-0.5 rounded-md border border-gray-200 px-1.5 py-1 w-64 focus-within:outline-2 focus-within:-outline-offset-1 focus-within:outline-blue-800 min-[500px]:w-[22rem]"
            ref={containerRef}
          >
            <Combobox.Value>
              {(value: LabelItem[]) => (
                <React.Fragment>
                  {value.map((label) => (
                    <Combobox.Chip
                      key={label.id}
                      className="flex items-center gap-1 rounded-md bg-gray-100 px-1.5 py-[0.2rem] text-sm text-gray-900 outline-none cursor-default [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:bg-blue-800 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:text-gray-50 focus-within:bg-blue-800 focus-within:text-gray-50"
                      aria-label={label.value}
                    >
                      {label.value}
                      <Combobox.ChipRemove
                        className="rounded-md p-1 text-inherit hover:bg-gray-200"
                        aria-label="Remove"
                      >
                        <XIcon />
                      </Combobox.ChipRemove>
                    </Combobox.Chip>
                  ))}
                  <Combobox.Input
                    ref={comboboxInputRef}
                    id={id}
                    placeholder={value.length > 0 ? '' : 'e.g. bug'}
                    className="min-w-12 flex-1 h-8 rounded-md border-0 bg-transparent pl-2 text-base text-gray-900 outline-none"
                    onKeyDown={handleInputKeyDown}
                  />
                </React.Fragment>
              )}
            </Combobox.Value>
          </Combobox.Chips>
        </div>

        <Combobox.Portal>
          <Combobox.Positioner className="z-50 outline-none" sideOffset={4} anchor={containerRef}>
            <Combobox.Popup className="w-[var(--anchor-width)] max-h-[min(var(--available-height),24rem)] max-w-[var(--available-width)] overflow-y-auto scroll-pt-2 scroll-pb-2 overscroll-contain rounded-lg bg-[canvas] py-2 text-gray-900 shadow-lg shadow-gray-200 outline-1 outline-gray-200 dark:shadow-none dark:-outline-offset-1 dark:outline-gray-300">
              <Combobox.Empty className="px-4 py-2 text-[0.925rem] leading-4 text-gray-600 empty:m-0 empty:p-0">
                No labels found.
              </Combobox.Empty>
              <Combobox.List>
                {(item: LabelItem) =>
                  item.creatable ? (
                    <Combobox.Item
                      key={item.id}
                      className="grid cursor-default grid-cols-[0.75rem_1fr] items-center gap-2 py-2 pr-8 pl-4 text-base leading-4 outline-none select-none [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:relative [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:z-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:text-gray-50 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:absolute [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-x-2 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-y-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:z-[-1] [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:rounded-sm [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:bg-gray-900"
                      value={item}
                    >
                      <span className="col-start-1">
                        <PlusIcon className="size-3" />
                      </span>
                      <div className="col-start-2">Create "{item.creatable}"</div>
                    </Combobox.Item>
                  ) : (
                    <Combobox.Item
                      key={item.id}
                      className="grid cursor-default grid-cols-[0.75rem_1fr] items-center gap-2 py-2 pr-8 pl-4 text-base leading-4 outline-none select-none [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:relative [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:z-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:text-gray-50 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:absolute [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-x-2 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:inset-y-0 [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:z-[-1] [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:rounded-sm [@media(hover:hover)]:[&[data-highlighted]]:before:bg-gray-900"
                      value={item}
                    >
                      <Combobox.ItemIndicator className="col-start-1">
                        <CheckIcon className="size-3" />
                      </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                      <div className="col-start-2">{item.value}</div>
                    </Combobox.Item>
                  )
                }
              </Combobox.List>
            </Combobox.Popup>
          </Combobox.Positioner>
        </Combobox.Portal>
      </Combobox.Root>

      <Dialog.Root open={openDialog} onOpenChange={setOpenDialog}>
        <Dialog.Portal>
          <Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 min-h-dvh bg-black opacity-20 transition-opacity dark:opacity-70 data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 supports-[-webkit-touch-callout:none]:absolute" />
          <Dialog.Popup
            className="fixed left-1/2 top-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 mt-[-2rem] w-[24rem] max-w-[calc(100vw-3rem)] rounded-lg bg-[canvas] p-6 text-gray-900 outline-1 outline-gray-200 transition-all data-[starting-style]:opacity-0 data-[starting-style]:scale-90 data-[ending-style]:opacity-0 data-[ending-style]:scale-90 dark:-outline-offset-1 dark:outline-gray-300"
            initialFocus={createInputRef}
          >
            <Dialog.Title className="-mt-1.5 mb-1 text-lg leading-7 tracking-[-0.0025em] font-medium">
              Create new label
            </Dialog.Title>
            <Dialog.Description className="mb-4 text-base leading-6 text-gray-600">
              Add a new label to select.
            </Dialog.Description>
            <form onSubmit={handleCreateSubmit}>
              <input
                ref={createInputRef}
                className="w-full h-10 rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-[canvas] text-gray-900 px-2.5 focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800"
                placeholder="Label name"
                defaultValue={pendingQueryRef.current}
              />
              <div className="mt-4 flex justify-end gap-4">
                <Dialog.Close className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100">
                  Cancel
                </Dialog.Close>
                <button
                  type="submit"
                  className="flex h-10 items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3.5 text-base font-medium text-gray-900 select-none hover:bg-gray-100 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:-outline-offset-1 focus-visible:outline-blue-800 active:bg-gray-100"
                >
                  Create
                </button>
              </div>
            </form>
          </Dialog.Popup>
        </Dialog.Portal>
      </Dialog.Root>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function PlusIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      width="12"
      height="12"
      viewBox="0 0 12 12"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="1.5"
      strokeLinecap="butt"
      strokeLinejoin="miter"
      aria-hidden
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M6 1v10M1 6h10" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width={16}
      height={16}
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      aria-hidden
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface LabelItem {
  creatable?: string;
  id: string;
  value: string;
}

const initialLabels: LabelItem[] = [
  { id: 'bug', value: 'bug' },
  { id: 'docs', value: 'documentation' },
  { id: 'enhancement', value: 'enhancement' },
  { id: 'help-wanted', value: 'help wanted' },
  { id: 'good-first-issue', value: 'good first issue' },
];
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Container {
  max-width: 28rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.Label {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
}

.Chips {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.125rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.375rem;
  width: 16rem;

  &:focus-within {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }

  @media (min-width: 500px) {
    width: 22rem;
  }
}

.Chip {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.2rem 0.2rem 0.4rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;

  &:focus-within {
    background-color: var(--color-blue);
    color: var(--color-gray-50);
  }

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &[data-highlighted] {
      background-color: var(--color-blue);
      color: var(--color-gray-50);
    }
  }
}

.ChipRemove {
  border: none;
  background: none;
  padding: 0.25rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: inherit;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;

  &:hover {
    background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);
  }
}

.Input {
  flex: 1;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-left: 0.5rem;
  margin: 0;
  border: none;
  height: 2rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  background-color: transparent;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  min-width: 3rem;

  &:focus {
    outline: none;
  }
}

.Positioner {
  outline: 0;
  z-index: 50;
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  width: var(--anchor-width);
  max-width: var(--available-width);
  max-height: min(var(--available-height), 24rem);
  overflow-y: auto;
  scroll-padding-block: 0.5rem;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    box-shadow:
      0 10px 15px -3px var(--color-gray-200),
      0 4px 6px -4px var(--color-gray-200);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Item {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;
  user-select: none;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  padding-right: 2rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: 0.75rem 1fr;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1rem;

  &[data-selected] {
    z-index: 0;
    position: relative;
    color: var(--color-gray-900);
  }

  &[data-selected]::before,
  &[data-highlighted]::before {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 0;
    inset-inline: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 0.25rem;
  }

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &[data-highlighted] {
      z-index: 0;
      position: relative;
      color: var(--color-gray-50);
    }

    &[data-highlighted]::before {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-900);
    }
  }
}

.ItemText {
  grid-column-start: 2;
}

.ItemIndicator {
  grid-column-start: 1;
}

.ItemIndicatorIcon {
  display: block;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
}

.Empty:not(:empty) {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-size: 0.925rem;
  line-height: 1rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
}

/* Creatable option styling */
.CreateButton {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 100%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.75rem 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  text-align: left;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  padding: 0.5rem 2rem 0.5rem 1rem;
  cursor: default;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
}

.CreateIcon {
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
}

.CreateText {
  grid-column-start: 2;
}

/* Dialog styles (reused from dialog hero demo) */
.Backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  min-height: 100dvh;
  inset: 0;
  background-color: black;
  opacity: 0.2;
  transition: opacity 150ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 1.005, 0, 1.005);

  /* iOS 26+: Ensure the backdrop covers the entire visible viewport. */
  @supports (-webkit-touch-callout: none) {
    position: absolute;
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

.DialogPopup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  width: 24rem;
  max-width: calc(100vw - 3rem);
  margin-top: -2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  transition: all 150ms;

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
  }

  &[data-starting-style],
  &[data-ending-style] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.9);
  }
}

.Title {
  margin-top: -0.375rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  line-height: 1.75rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.0025em;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.Description {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
}

.TextField {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 100%;
  height: 2.5rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  padding: 0 0.625rem;
  font: inherit;

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: end;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.Button {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  outline: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: var(--color-gray-50);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  user-select: none;

  @media (hover: hover) {
    &:hover {
      background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
    }
  }

  &:active {
    background-color: var(--color-gray-100);
  }

  &:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--color-blue);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import { Dialog } from '@base-ui/react/dialog';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleCreatableCombobox() {
  const id = React.useId();

  const [labels, setLabels] = React.useState<LabelItem[]>(initialLabels);
  const [selected, setSelected] = React.useState<LabelItem[]>([]);
  const [query, setQuery] = React.useState('');
  const [openDialog, setOpenDialog] = React.useState(false);

  const containerRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
  const createInputRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement | null>(null);
  const comboboxInputRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement | null>(null);
  const pendingQueryRef = React.useRef('');
  const highlightedItemRef = React.useRef<LabelItem | undefined>(undefined);

  function handleInputKeyDown(event: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLInputElement>) {
    if (event.key !== 'Enter' || highlightedItemRef.current) {
      return;
    }

    const currentTrimmed = query.trim();
    if (currentTrimmed === '') {
      return;
    }

    const normalized = currentTrimmed.toLocaleLowerCase();
    const existing = labels.find((label) => label.value.trim().toLocaleLowerCase() === normalized);

    if (existing) {
      setSelected((prev) =>
        prev.some((item) => item.id === existing.id) ? prev : [...prev, existing],
      );
      setQuery('');
      return;
    }

    pendingQueryRef.current = currentTrimmed;
    setOpenDialog(true);
  }

  function handleCreate() {
    const input = createInputRef.current || comboboxInputRef.current;
    const value = input ? input.value.trim() : '';
    if (!value) {
      return;
    }

    const normalized = value.toLocaleLowerCase();
    const baseId = normalized.replace(/\s+/g, '-');
    const existing = labels.find((l) => l.value.trim().toLocaleLowerCase() === normalized);

    if (existing) {
      setSelected((prev) => (prev.some((i) => i.id === existing.id) ? prev : [...prev, existing]));
      setOpenDialog(false);
      setQuery('');
      return;
    }

    // Ensure we don't collide with an existing id (e.g., value "docs" vs. existing id "docs")
    const existingIds = new Set(labels.map((l) => l.id));
    let uniqueId = baseId;
    if (existingIds.has(uniqueId)) {
      let i = 2;
      while (existingIds.has(`${baseId}-${i}`)) {
        i += 1;
      }
      uniqueId = `${baseId}-${i}`;
    }

    const newItem: LabelItem = { id: uniqueId, value };

    if (!selected.find((item) => item.id === newItem.id)) {
      setLabels((prev) => [...prev, newItem]);
      setSelected((prev) => [...prev, newItem]);
    }

    setOpenDialog(false);
    setQuery('');
  }

  function handleCreateSubmit(event: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) {
    event.preventDefault();
    handleCreate();
  }

  const trimmed = query.trim();
  const lowered = trimmed.toLocaleLowerCase();
  const exactExists = labels.some((l) => l.value.trim().toLocaleLowerCase() === lowered);
  // Show the creatable item alongside matches if there's no exact match
  const itemsForView: Array<LabelItem> =
    trimmed !== '' && !exactExists
      ? [...labels, { creatable: trimmed, id: `create:${lowered}`, value: `Create "${trimmed}"` }]
      : labels;

  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <Combobox.Root
        items={itemsForView}
        multiple
        onValueChange={(next) => {
          const creatableSelection = next.find(
            (item) => item.creatable && !selected.some((current) => current.id === item.id),
          );

          if (creatableSelection && creatableSelection.creatable) {
            pendingQueryRef.current = creatableSelection.creatable;
            setOpenDialog(true);
            return;
          }
          const clean = next.filter((i) => !i.creatable);
          setSelected(clean);
          setQuery('');
        }}
        value={selected}
        inputValue={query}
        onInputValueChange={setQuery}
        onItemHighlighted={(item) => {
          highlightedItemRef.current = item;
        }}
      >
        <div className={styles.Container}>
          <label className={styles.Label} htmlFor={id}>
            Labels
          </label>
          <Combobox.Chips className={styles.Chips} ref={containerRef}>
            <Combobox.Value>
              {(value: LabelItem[]) => (
                <React.Fragment>
                  {value.map((label) => (
                    <Combobox.Chip key={label.id} className={styles.Chip} aria-label={label.value}>
                      {label.value}
                      <Combobox.ChipRemove className={styles.ChipRemove} aria-label="Remove">
                        <XIcon />
                      </Combobox.ChipRemove>
                    </Combobox.Chip>
                  ))}
                  <Combobox.Input
                    ref={comboboxInputRef}
                    id={id}
                    placeholder={value.length > 0 ? '' : 'e.g. bug'}
                    className={styles.Input}
                    onKeyDown={handleInputKeyDown}
                  />
                </React.Fragment>
              )}
            </Combobox.Value>
          </Combobox.Chips>
        </div>

        <Combobox.Portal>
          <Combobox.Positioner className={styles.Positioner} sideOffset={4} anchor={containerRef}>
            <Combobox.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
              <Combobox.Empty className={styles.Empty}>No labels found.</Combobox.Empty>
              <Combobox.List>
                {(item: LabelItem) =>
                  item.creatable ? (
                    <Combobox.Item key={item.id} className={styles.Item} value={item}>
                      <span className={styles.ItemIndicator}>
                        <PlusIcon className={styles.CreateIcon} />
                      </span>
                      <div className={styles.ItemText}>Create "{item.creatable}"</div>
                    </Combobox.Item>
                  ) : (
                    <Combobox.Item key={item.id} className={styles.Item} value={item}>
                      <Combobox.ItemIndicator className={styles.ItemIndicator}>
                        <CheckIcon className={styles.ItemIndicatorIcon} />
                      </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
                      <div className={styles.ItemText}>{item.value}</div>
                    </Combobox.Item>
                  )
                }
              </Combobox.List>
            </Combobox.Popup>
          </Combobox.Positioner>
        </Combobox.Portal>
      </Combobox.Root>

      <Dialog.Root open={openDialog} onOpenChange={setOpenDialog}>
        <Dialog.Portal>
          <Dialog.Backdrop className={styles.Backdrop} />
          <Dialog.Popup className={styles.DialogPopup} initialFocus={createInputRef}>
            <Dialog.Title className={styles.Title}>Create new label</Dialog.Title>
            <Dialog.Description className={styles.Description}>
              Add a new label to select.
            </Dialog.Description>
            <form onSubmit={handleCreateSubmit}>
              <input
                ref={createInputRef}
                className={styles.TextField}
                placeholder="Label name"
                defaultValue={pendingQueryRef.current}
              />
              <div className={styles.Actions}>
                <Dialog.Close className={styles.Button}>Cancel</Dialog.Close>
                <button type="submit" className={styles.Button}>
                  Create
                </button>
              </div>
            </form>
          </Dialog.Popup>
        </Dialog.Portal>
      </Dialog.Root>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function PlusIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      width="12"
      height="12"
      viewBox="0 0 12 12"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="1.5"
      strokeLinecap="butt"
      strokeLinejoin="miter"
      aria-hidden
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M6 1v10M1 6h10" />
    </svg>
  );
}

function XIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      width={16}
      height={16}
      viewBox="0 0 24 24"
      fill="none"
      stroke="currentColor"
      strokeWidth="2"
      strokeLinecap="round"
      strokeLinejoin="round"
      aria-hidden
      {...props}
    >
      <path d="M18 6 6 18" />
      <path d="m6 6 12 12" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface LabelItem {
  creatable?: string;
  id: string;
  value: string;
}

const initialLabels: LabelItem[] = [
  { id: 'bug', value: 'bug' },
  { id: 'docs', value: 'documentation' },
  { id: 'enhancement', value: 'enhancement' },
  { id: 'help-wanted', value: 'help wanted' },
  { id: 'good-first-issue', value: 'good first issue' },
];
```

### Virtualized

Efficiently handle large datasets using a virtualization library like `@tanstack/react-virtual`.

## Demo

### Tailwind

This example shows how to implement the component using Tailwind CSS.

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import { useVirtualizer } from '@tanstack/react-virtual';

export default function ExampleVirtualizedCombobox() {
  const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
  const virtualizerRef = React.useRef<Virtualizer | null>(null);

  return (
    <Combobox.Root
      virtualized
      items={virtualizedItems}
      open={open}
      onOpenChange={setOpen}
      itemToStringLabel={getItemLabel}
      onItemHighlighted={(item, { reason, index }) => {
        const virtualizer = virtualizerRef.current;

        if (!item || !virtualizer) {
          return;
        }

        const isStart = index === 0;
        const isEnd = index === virtualizer.options.count - 1;
        const shouldScroll = reason === 'none' || (reason === 'keyboard' && (isStart || isEnd));

        if (shouldScroll) {
          queueMicrotask(() => {
            virtualizer.scrollToIndex(index, { align: isEnd ? 'start' : 'end' });
          });
        }
      }}
    >
      <label className="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm leading-5 font-medium text-gray-900">
        Search 10,000 items
        <Combobox.Input className="h-10 w-64 rounded-md font-normal border border-gray-200 pl-3.5 text-base text-gray-900 bg-[canvas] focus:outline focus:outline-2 focus:-outline-offset-1 focus:outline-blue-800" />
      </label>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className="outline-none" sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup className="w-[var(--anchor-width)] max-h-[min(22rem,var(--available-height))] max-w-[var(--available-width)] rounded-md bg-[canvas] text-gray-900 outline-1 outline-gray-200 shadow-lg shadow-gray-200 dark:-outline-offset-1 dark:outline-gray-300">
            <Combobox.Empty className="px-4 py-4 text-[0.925rem] leading-4 text-gray-600 empty:m-0 empty:p-0">
              No items found.
            </Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List className="p-0">
              <VirtualizedList open={open} virtualizerRef={virtualizerRef} />
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function VirtualizedList({
  open,
  virtualizerRef,
}: {
  open: boolean;
  virtualizerRef: React.RefObject<Virtualizer | null>;
}) {
  const filteredItems = Combobox.useFilteredItems<VirtualizedItem>();

  const scrollElementRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);

  const virtualizer = useVirtualizer({
    enabled: open,
    count: filteredItems.length,
    getScrollElement: () => scrollElementRef.current,
    estimateSize: () => 32,
    overscan: 20,
    paddingStart: 8,
    paddingEnd: 8,
    scrollPaddingEnd: 8,
    scrollPaddingStart: 8,
  });

  React.useImperativeHandle(virtualizerRef, () => virtualizer);

  const handleScrollElementRef = React.useCallback(
    (element: HTMLDivElement | null) => {
      scrollElementRef.current = element;
      if (element) {
        virtualizer.measure();
      }
    },
    [virtualizer],
  );

  const totalSize = virtualizer.getTotalSize();

  if (!filteredItems.length) {
    return null;
  }

  return (
    <div
      role="presentation"
      ref={handleScrollElementRef}
      className="h-[min(22rem,var(--total-size))] max-h-[var(--available-height)] overflow-auto overscroll-contain scroll-p-2"
      style={{ '--total-size': `${totalSize}px` } as React.CSSProperties}
    >
      <div role="presentation" className="relative w-full" style={{ height: totalSize }}>
        {virtualizer.getVirtualItems().map((virtualItem) => {
          const item = filteredItems[virtualItem.index];
          if (!item) {
            return null;
          }

          return (
            <Combobox.Item
              key={virtualItem.key}
              index={virtualItem.index}
              data-index={virtualItem.index}
              ref={virtualizer.measureElement}
              value={item}
              className="grid cursor-default grid-cols-[0.75rem_1fr] items-center gap-2 py-2 pr-8 pl-4 text-base leading-4 outline-none select-none data-[highlighted]:relative data-[highlighted]:z-0 data-[highlighted]:text-gray-50 data-[highlighted]:before:absolute data-[highlighted]:before:inset-x-2 data-[highlighted]:before:inset-y-0 data-[highlighted]:before:z-[-1] data-[highlighted]:before:rounded-sm data-[highlighted]:before:bg-gray-900"
              aria-setsize={filteredItems.length}
              aria-posinset={virtualItem.index + 1}
              style={{
                position: 'absolute',
                top: 0,
                left: 0,
                width: '100%',
                height: virtualItem.size,
                transform: `translateY(${virtualItem.start}px)`,
              }}
            >
              <Combobox.ItemIndicator className="col-start-1">
                <CheckIcon className="size-3" />
              </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
              <div className="col-start-2">{item.name}</div>
            </Combobox.Item>
          );
        })}
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface VirtualizedItem {
  id: string;
  name: string;
}

function getItemLabel(item: VirtualizedItem | null) {
  return item ? item.name : '';
}

const virtualizedItems: VirtualizedItem[] = Array.from({ length: 10000 }, (_, index) => {
  const id = String(index + 1);
  const indexLabel = id.padStart(4, '0');
  return { id, name: `Item ${indexLabel}` };
});

type Virtualizer = ReturnType<typeof useVirtualizer<HTMLDivElement, Element>>;
```

### CSS Modules

This example shows how to implement the component using CSS Modules.

```css
/* index.module.css */
.Input {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-left: 0.875rem;
  margin: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
  width: 16rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  outline: none;

  &:focus {
    border-color: var(--color-blue);
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-blue);
  }
}

.Label {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
}

.Positioner {
  outline: 0;
}

.Popup {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-radius: 0.375rem;
  background-color: canvas;
  color: var(--color-gray-900);
  width: var(--anchor-width);
  max-height: min(22rem, var(--available-height));
  max-width: var(--available-width);

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-200);
    box-shadow:
      0 10px 15px -3px var(--color-gray-200),
      0 4px 6px -4px var(--color-gray-200);
  }

  @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    outline: 1px solid var(--color-gray-300);
    outline-offset: -1px;
  }
}

.Scroller {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  height: min(22rem, var(--total-size));
  max-height: var(--available-height);
  overflow: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  scroll-padding-block: 0.5rem;
}

.VirtualizedPlaceholder {
  width: 100%;
  position: relative;
}

.List {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 0;
}

.Item {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: 0;
  cursor: default;
  user-select: none;
  padding-block: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  padding-right: 2rem;
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  grid-template-columns: 0.75rem 1fr;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1rem;

  &[data-highlighted] {
    z-index: 0;
    position: relative;
    color: var(--color-gray-50);
  }

  &[data-highlighted]::before {
    content: '';
    z-index: -1;
    position: absolute;
    inset-block: 0;
    inset-inline: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 0.25rem;
    background-color: var(--color-gray-900);
  }
}

.ItemText {
  grid-column-start: 2;
}

.ItemIndicator {
  grid-column-start: 1;
}

.ItemIndicatorIcon {
  display: block;
  width: 0.75rem;
  height: 0.75rem;
}

.Empty:not(:empty) {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-size: 0.925rem;
  line-height: 1rem;
  color: var(--color-gray-600);
  padding: 1rem;
}
```

```tsx
/* index.tsx */
'use client';
import * as React from 'react';
import { Combobox } from '@base-ui/react/combobox';
import { useVirtualizer } from '@tanstack/react-virtual';
import styles from './index.module.css';

export default function ExampleVirtualizedCombobox() {
  const [open, setOpen] = React.useState(false);
  const virtualizerRef = React.useRef<Virtualizer | null>(null);

  return (
    <Combobox.Root
      virtualized
      items={virtualizedItems}
      open={open}
      onOpenChange={setOpen}
      itemToStringLabel={getItemLabel}
      onItemHighlighted={(item, { reason, index }) => {
        const virtualizer = virtualizerRef.current;

        if (!item || !virtualizer) {
          return;
        }

        const isStart = index === 0;
        const isEnd = index === virtualizer.options.count - 1;
        const shouldScroll = reason === 'none' || (reason === 'keyboard' && (isStart || isEnd));

        if (shouldScroll) {
          queueMicrotask(() => {
            virtualizer.scrollToIndex(index, { align: isEnd ? 'start' : 'end' });
          });
        }
      }}
    >
      <label className={styles.Label}>
        Search 10,000 items
        <Combobox.Input className={styles.Input} />
      </label>

      <Combobox.Portal>
        <Combobox.Positioner className={styles.Positioner} sideOffset={4}>
          <Combobox.Popup className={styles.Popup}>
            <Combobox.Empty className={styles.Empty}>No items found.</Combobox.Empty>
            <Combobox.List className={styles.List}>
              <VirtualizedList open={open} virtualizerRef={virtualizerRef} />
            </Combobox.List>
          </Combobox.Popup>
        </Combobox.Positioner>
      </Combobox.Portal>
    </Combobox.Root>
  );
}

function VirtualizedList({
  open,
  virtualizerRef,
}: {
  open: boolean;
  virtualizerRef: React.RefObject<Virtualizer | null>;
}) {
  const filteredItems = Combobox.useFilteredItems<VirtualizedItem>();

  const scrollElementRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);

  const virtualizer = useVirtualizer({
    enabled: open,
    count: filteredItems.length,
    getScrollElement: () => scrollElementRef.current,
    estimateSize: () => 32,
    overscan: 20,
    paddingStart: 8,
    paddingEnd: 8,
    scrollPaddingEnd: 8,
    scrollPaddingStart: 8,
  });

  React.useImperativeHandle(virtualizerRef, () => virtualizer);

  const handleScrollElementRef = React.useCallback(
    (element: HTMLDivElement | null) => {
      scrollElementRef.current = element;
      if (element) {
        virtualizer.measure();
      }
    },
    [virtualizer],
  );

  const totalSize = virtualizer.getTotalSize();

  if (!filteredItems.length) {
    return null;
  }

  return (
    <div
      role="presentation"
      ref={handleScrollElementRef}
      className={styles.Scroller}
      style={{ '--total-size': `${totalSize}px` } as React.CSSProperties}
    >
      <div
        role="presentation"
        className={styles.VirtualizedPlaceholder}
        style={{ height: totalSize }}
      >
        {virtualizer.getVirtualItems().map((virtualItem) => {
          const item = filteredItems[virtualItem.index];
          if (!item) {
            return null;
          }

          return (
            <Combobox.Item
              key={virtualItem.key}
              index={virtualItem.index}
              data-index={virtualItem.index}
              ref={virtualizer.measureElement}
              value={item}
              className={styles.Item}
              aria-setsize={filteredItems.length}
              aria-posinset={virtualItem.index + 1}
              style={{
                position: 'absolute',
                top: 0,
                left: 0,
                width: '100%',
                height: virtualItem.size,
                transform: `translateY(${virtualItem.start}px)`,
              }}
            >
              <Combobox.ItemIndicator className={styles.ItemIndicator}>
                <CheckIcon className={styles.ItemIndicatorIcon} />
              </Combobox.ItemIndicator>
              <div className={styles.ItemText}>{item.name}</div>
            </Combobox.Item>
          );
        })}
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

function CheckIcon(props: React.ComponentProps<'svg'>) {
  return (
    <svg fill="currentcolor" width="10" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" {...props}>
      <path d="M9.1603 1.12218C9.50684 1.34873 9.60427 1.81354 9.37792 2.16038L5.13603 8.66012C5.01614 8.8438 4.82192 8.96576 4.60451 8.99384C4.3871 9.02194 4.1683 8.95335 4.00574 8.80615L1.24664 6.30769C0.939709 6.02975 0.916013 5.55541 1.19372 5.24822C1.47142 4.94102 1.94536 4.91731 2.2523 5.19524L4.36085 7.10461L8.12299 1.33999C8.34934 0.993152 8.81376 0.895638 9.1603 1.12218Z" />
    </svg>
  );
}

interface VirtualizedItem {
  id: string;
  name: string;
}

function getItemLabel(item: VirtualizedItem | null) {
  return item ? item.name : '';
}

const virtualizedItems: VirtualizedItem[] = Array.from({ length: 10000 }, (_, index) => {
  const id = String(index + 1);
  const indexLabel = id.padStart(4, '0');
  return { id, name: `Item ${indexLabel}` };
});

type Virtualizer = ReturnType<typeof useVirtualizer<HTMLDivElement, Element>>;
```

## API reference

### Root

Groups all parts of the combobox.
Doesn't render its own HTML element.

**Root Props:**

| Prop                                                                   | Type                                                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| :--------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :------ | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| name                                                                   | `string`                                                                                                            | -       | Identifies the field when a form is submitted.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| defaultValue                                                           | `Value[] \| Value \| null`                                                                                          | -       | The uncontrolled selected value of the combobox when it's initially rendered.To render a controlled combobox, use the `value` prop instead.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| value                                                                  | `Value[] \| Value \| null`                                                                                          | -       | The selected value of the combobox. Use when controlled.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| onValueChange                                                          | `((value: Value[] \| Value \| any \| null, eventDetails: Combobox.Root.ChangeEventDetails) => void)`                | -       | Event handler called when the selected value of the combobox changes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| defaultInputValue                                                      | `string \| number \| string[]`                                                                                      | -       | The uncontrolled input value when initially rendered.To render a controlled input, use the `inputValue` prop instead.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| inputValue                                                             | `string \| number \| string[]`                                                                                      | -       | The input value of the combobox. Use when controlled.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| onInputValueChange                                                     | `((inputValue: string, eventDetails: Combobox.Root.ChangeEventDetails) => void)`                                    | -       | Event handler called when the input value changes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| defaultOpen                                                            | `boolean`                                                                                                           | `false` | Whether the popup is initially open.To render a controlled popup, use the `open` prop instead.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| open                                                                   | `boolean`                                                                                                           | -       | Whether the popup is currently open. Use when controlled.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| onOpenChange                                                           | `((open: boolean, eventDetails: Combobox.Root.ChangeEventDetails) => void)`                                         | -       | Event handler called when the popup is opened or closed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| autoHighlight                                                          | `boolean`                                                                                                           | `false` | Whether the first matching item is highlighted automatically while filtering.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| highlightItemOnHover                                                   | `boolean`                                                                                                           | `true`  | Whether moving the pointer over items should highlight them.&#xA;Disabling this prop allows CSS `:hover` to be differentiated from the `:focus` (`data-highlighted`) state.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| actionsRef                                                             | `RefObject<Combobox.Root.Actions \| null>`                                                                          | -       | A ref to imperative actions.\* `unmount`: When specified, the combobox will not be unmounted when closed.&#xA;Instead, the `unmount` function must be called to unmount the combobox manually.&#xA;Useful when the combobox's animation is controlled by an external library.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| autoComplete                                                           | `string`                                                                                                            | -       | Provides a hint to the browser for autofill.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| filter                                                                 | `((itemValue: Value, query: string, itemToString: ((itemValue: Value) => string) \| undefined) => boolean) \| null` | -       | Filter function used to match items vs input query.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| filteredItems                                                          | `any[] \| Group[]`                                                                                                  | -       | Filtered items to display in the list.&#xA;When provided, the list will use these items instead of filtering the `items` prop internally.&#xA;Use when you want to control filtering logic externally with the `useFilter()` hook.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| grid                                                                   | `boolean`                                                                                                           | `false` | Whether list items are presented in a grid layout.&#xA;When enabled, arrow keys navigate across rows and columns inferred from DOM rows.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| inline                                                                 | `boolean`                                                                                                           | `false` | Whether the list is rendered inline without using the popup.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| isItemEqualToValue                                                     | `((itemValue: Value, selectedValue: Value) => boolean)`                                                             | -       | Custom comparison logic used to determine if a combobox item value matches the current selected value. Useful when item values are objects without matching referentially.&#xA;Defaults to `Object.is` comparison.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| itemToStringLabel                                                      | `((itemValue: Value) => string)`                                                                                    | -       | When the item values are objects (`<Combobox.Item value={object}>`), this function converts the object value to a string representation for display in the input.&#xA;If the shape of the object is `{ value, label }`, the label will be used automatically without needing to specify this prop.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| itemToStringValue                                                      | `((itemValue: Value) => string)`                                                                                    | -       | When the item values are objects (`<Combobox.Item value={object}>`), this function converts the object value to a string representation for form submission.&#xA;If the shape of the object is `{ value, label }`, the value will be used automatically without needing to specify this prop.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| items                                                                  | `any[] \| Group[]`                                                                                                  | -       | The items to be displayed in the list.&#xA;Can be either a flat array of items or an array of groups with items.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| limit                                                                  | `number`                                                                                                            | `-1`    | The maximum number of items to display in the list.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| locale                                                                 | `Intl.LocalesArgument`                                                                                              | -       | The locale to use for string comparison.&#xA;Defaults to the user's runtime locale.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| loopFocus                                                              | `boolean`                                                                                                           | `true`  | Whether to loop keyboard focus back to the input when the end of the list is reached while using the arrow keys. The first item can then be reached by pressing <kbd>ArrowDown</kbd> again from the input, or the last item can be reached by pressing <kbd>ArrowUp</kbd> from the input.&#xA;The input is always included in the focus loop per [ARIA Authoring Practices](https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/combobox/).&#xA;When disabled, focus does not move when on the last element and the user presses <kbd>ArrowDown</kbd>, or when on the first element and the user presses <kbd>ArrowUp</kbd>. |
| modal                                                                  | `boolean`                                                                                                           | `false` | Determines if the popup enters a modal state when open.\* `true`: user interaction is limited to the popup: document page scroll is locked and pointer interactions on outside elements are disabled.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| \* `false`: user interaction with the rest of the document is allowed. |
| multiple                                                               | `boolean \| undefined`                                                                                              | `false` | Whether multiple items can be selected.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| onItemHighlighted                                                      | `((highlightedValue: Value \| undefined, eventDetails: Combobox.Root.HighlightEventDetails) => void)`               | -       | Callback fired when an item is highlighted or unhighlighted.&#xA;Receives the highlighted item value (or `undefined` if no item is highlighted) and event details with a `reason` property describing why the highlight changed.&#xA;The `reason` can be:\* `'keyboard'`: the highlight changed due to keyboard navigation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |

- `'pointer'`: the highlight changed due to pointer hovering.
- `'none'`: the highlight changed programmatically. |
  | onOpenChangeComplete | `((open: boolean) => void)` | - | Event handler called after any animations complete when the popup is opened or closed. |
  | openOnInputClick | `boolean` | `true` | Whether the popup opens when clicking the input. |
  | virtualized | `boolean` | `false` | Whether the items are being externally virtualized. |
  | disabled | `boolean` | `false` | Whether the component should ignore user interaction. |
  | readOnly | `boolean` | `false` | Whether the user should be unable to choose a different option from the popup. |
  | required | `boolean` | `false` | Whether the user must choose a value before submitting a form. |
  | inputRef | `Ref<HTMLInputElement>` | - | A ref to the hidden input element. |
  | id | `string` | - | The id of the component. |
  | children | `ReactNode` | - | - |

### Value

The current value of the combobox.
Doesn't render its own HTML element.

**Value Props:**

| Prop        | Type                                               | Default | Description                                                                                                                                          |
| :---------- | :------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| placeholder | `ReactNode`                                        | -       | The placeholder value to display when no value is selected.&#xA;This is overridden by `children` if specified, or by a null item's label in `items`. |
| children    | `ReactNode \| ((selectedValue: any) => ReactNode)` | -       | -                                                                                                                                                    |

### Icon

An icon that indicates that the trigger button opens the popup.
Renders a `<span>` element.

**Icon Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                               | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Icon.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Icon.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Icon.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Input

A text input to search for items in the list.
Renders an `<input>` element.

**Input Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| disabled  | `boolean`                                                                           | `false` | Whether the component should ignore user interaction.                                                                                                                                        |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Input.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Input.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Input.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Input Data Attributes:**

| Attribute       | Type                                                                               | Description                                                                        |
| :-------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| data-popup-open | -                                                                                  | Present when the corresponding popup is open.                                      |
| data-popup-side | `'top' \| 'bottom' \| 'left' \| 'right' \| 'inline-end' \| 'inline-start' \| null` | Indicates which side the corresponding popup is positioned relative to its anchor. |
| data-list-empty | -                                                                                  | Present when the corresponding items list is empty.                                |
| data-pressed    | -                                                                                  | Present when the input is pressed.                                                 |
| data-disabled   | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is disabled.                                            |
| data-readonly   | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is readonly.                                            |
| data-required   | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is required.                                            |
| data-valid      | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is in valid state (when wrapped in Field.Root).         |
| data-invalid    | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is in invalid state (when wrapped in Field.Root).       |
| data-dirty      | -                                                                                  | Present when the component's value has changed (when wrapped in Field.Root).       |
| data-touched    | -                                                                                  | Present when the component has been touched (when wrapped in Field.Root).          |
| data-filled     | -                                                                                  | Present when the component has a value (when wrapped in Field.Root).               |
| data-focused    | -                                                                                  | Present when the input is focused (when wrapped in Field.Root).                    |

### Clear

Clears the value when clicked.
Renders a `<button>` element.

**Clear Props:**

| Prop         | Type                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :----------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| nativeButton | `boolean`                                                                           | `true`  | Whether the component renders a native `<button>` element when replacing it&#xA;via the `render` prop.&#xA;Set to `false` if the rendered element is not a button (e.g. `<div>`).            |
| disabled     | `boolean`                                                                           | `false` | Whether the component should ignore user interaction.                                                                                                                                        |
| className    | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Clear.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style        | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Clear.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| keepMounted  | `boolean`                                                                           | `false` | Whether the component should remain mounted in the DOM when not visible.                                                                                                                     |
| render       | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Clear.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Clear Data Attributes:**

| Attribute           | Type | Description                                   |
| :------------------ | :--- | :-------------------------------------------- |
| data-popup-open     | -    | Present when the corresponding popup is open. |
| data-disabled       | -    | Present when the button is disabled.          |
| data-starting-style | -    | Present when the button is animating in.      |
| data-ending-style   | -    | Present when the button is animating out.     |

### Trigger

A button that opens the popup.
Renders a `<button>` element.

**Trigger Props:**

| Prop         | Type                                                                                  | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :----------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| nativeButton | `boolean`                                                                             | `true`  | Whether the component renders a native `<button>` element when replacing it&#xA;via the `render` prop.&#xA;Set to `false` if the rendered element is not a button (e.g. `<div>`).            |
| disabled     | `boolean`                                                                             | `false` | Whether the component should ignore user interaction.                                                                                                                                        |
| className    | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Trigger.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style        | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Trigger.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render       | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Trigger.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Trigger Data Attributes:**

| Attribute        | Type                                                                               | Description                                                                        |
| :--------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| data-popup-open  | -                                                                                  | Present when the corresponding popup is open.                                      |
| data-popup-side  | `'top' \| 'bottom' \| 'left' \| 'right' \| 'inline-end' \| 'inline-start' \| null` | Indicates which side the corresponding popup is positioned relative to its anchor. |
| data-list-empty  | -                                                                                  | Present when the corresponding items list is empty.                                |
| data-pressed     | -                                                                                  | Present when the trigger is pressed.                                               |
| data-disabled    | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is disabled.                                            |
| data-readonly    | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is readonly.                                            |
| data-required    | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is required.                                            |
| data-valid       | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is in valid state (when wrapped in Field.Root).         |
| data-invalid     | -                                                                                  | Present when the component is in invalid state (when wrapped in Field.Root).       |
| data-dirty       | -                                                                                  | Present when the component's value has changed (when wrapped in Field.Root).       |
| data-touched     | -                                                                                  | Present when the component has been touched (when wrapped in Field.Root).          |
| data-filled      | -                                                                                  | Present when the component has a value (when wrapped in Field.Root).               |
| data-focused     | -                                                                                  | Present when the trigger is focused (when wrapped in Field.Root).                  |
| data-placeholder | -                                                                                  | Present when the combobox doesn't have a value.                                    |

### Chips

A container for the chips in a multiselectable input.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Chips Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Chips.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Chips.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Chips.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Chip

An individual chip that represents a value in a multiselectable input.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Chip Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                               | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Chip.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Chip.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Chip.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### ChipRemove

A button to remove a chip.
Renders a `<button>` element.

**ChipRemove Props:**

| Prop         | Type                                                                                     | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :----------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| nativeButton | `boolean`                                                                                | `true`  | Whether the component renders a native `<button>` element when replacing it&#xA;via the `render` prop.&#xA;Set to `false` if the rendered element is not a button (e.g. `<div>`).            |
| className    | `string \| ((state: Combobox.ChipRemove.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style        | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.ChipRemove.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render       | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.ChipRemove.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### List

A list container for the items.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**List Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                               | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| children  | `ReactNode \| ((item: any, index: number) => ReactNode)`                           | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.List.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.List.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | \*                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.List.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Portal

A portal element that moves the popup to a different part of the DOM.
By default, the portal element is appended to `<body>`.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Portal Props:**

| Prop        | Type                                                                                 | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :---------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| container   | `HTMLElement \| ShadowRoot \| RefObject<HTMLElement \| ShadowRoot \| null> \| null`  | -       | A parent element to render the portal element into.                                                                                                                                          |
| className   | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Portal.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style       | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Portal.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| keepMounted | `boolean`                                                                            | `false` | Whether to keep the portal mounted in the DOM while the popup is hidden.                                                                                                                     |
| render      | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Portal.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Backdrop

An overlay displayed beneath the popup.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Backdrop Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                   | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Backdrop.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Backdrop.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Backdrop.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Backdrop Data Attributes:**

| Attribute           | Type | Description                              |
| :------------------ | :--- | :--------------------------------------- |
| data-open           | -    | Present when the popup is open.          |
| data-closed         | -    | Present when the popup is closed.        |
| data-starting-style | -    | Present when the popup is animating in.  |
| data-ending-style   | -    | Present when the popup is animating out. |

### Positioner

Positions the popup against the trigger.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Positioner Props:**

| Prop                  | Type                       | Default    | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| :-------------------- | :------------------------- | :--------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| disableAnchorTracking | `boolean`                  | `false`    | Whether to disable the popup from tracking any layout shift of its positioning anchor.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| align                 | `Align`                    | `'center'` | How to align the popup relative to the specified side.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| alignOffset           | `number \| OffsetFunction` | `0`        | Additional offset along the alignment axis in pixels.&#xA;Also accepts a function that returns the offset to read the dimensions of the anchor&#xA;and positioner elements, along with its side and alignment.The function takes a `data` object parameter with the following properties:\* `data.anchor`: the dimensions of the anchor element with properties `width` and `height`. |

- `data.positioner`: the dimensions of the positioner element with properties `width` and `height`.
- `data.side`: which side of the anchor element the positioner is aligned against.
- `data.align`: how the positioner is aligned relative to the specified side. |
  | side | `Side` | `'bottom'` | Which side of the anchor element to align the popup against.&#xA;May automatically change to avoid collisions. |
  | sideOffset | `number \| OffsetFunction` | `0` | Distance between the anchor and the popup in pixels.&#xA;Also accepts a function that returns the distance to read the dimensions of the anchor&#xA;and positioner elements, along with its side and alignment.The function takes a `data` object parameter with the following properties:\* `data.anchor`: the dimensions of the anchor element with properties `width` and `height`.
- `data.positioner`: the dimensions of the positioner element with properties `width` and `height`.
- `data.side`: which side of the anchor element the positioner is aligned against.
- `data.align`: how the positioner is aligned relative to the specified side. |
  | arrowPadding | `number` | `5` | Minimum distance to maintain between the arrow and the edges of the popup.Use it to prevent the arrow element from hanging out of the rounded corners of a popup. |
  | anchor | `Element \| VirtualElement \| RefObject<Element \| null> \| (() => Element \| VirtualElement \| null) \| null` | - | An element to position the popup against.&#xA;By default, the popup will be positioned against the trigger. |
  | collisionAvoidance | `CollisionAvoidance` | - | Determines how to handle collisions when positioning the popup. |
  | collisionBoundary | `Boundary` | `'clipping-ancestors'` | An element or a rectangle that delimits the area that the popup is confined to. |
  | collisionPadding | `Padding` | `5` | Additional space to maintain from the edge of the collision boundary. |
  | sticky | `boolean` | `false` | Whether to maintain the popup in the viewport after&#xA;the anchor element was scrolled out of view. |
  | positionMethod | `'absolute' \| 'fixed'` | `'absolute'` | Determines which CSS `position` property to use. |
  | className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Positioner.State) => string \| undefined)` | - | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state. |
  | style | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Positioner.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)` | - | - |
  | render | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Positioner.State) => ReactElement)` | - | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Positioner Data Attributes:**

| Attribute          | Type                                                                       | Description                                                           |
| :----------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| data-open          | -                                                                          | Present when the popup is open.                                       |
| data-closed        | -                                                                          | Present when the popup is closed.                                     |
| data-anchor-hidden | -                                                                          | Present when the anchor is hidden.                                    |
| data-align         | `'start' \| 'center' \| 'end'`                                             | Indicates how the popup is aligned relative to specified side.        |
| data-empty         | -                                                                          | Present when the items list is empty.                                 |
| data-side          | `'top' \| 'bottom' \| 'left' \| 'right' \| 'inline-end' \| 'inline-start'` | Indicates which side the popup is positioned relative to the trigger. |

**Positioner CSS Variables:**

| Variable           | Type     | Default | Description                                                                            |
| :----------------- | :------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| --anchor-height    | `number` | -       | The anchor's height.                                                                   |
| --anchor-width     | `number` | -       | The anchor's width.                                                                    |
| --available-height | `number` | -       | The available height between the trigger and the edge of the viewport.                 |
| --available-width  | `number` | -       | The available width between the trigger and the edge of the viewport.                  |
| --transform-origin | `string` | -       | The coordinates that this element is anchored to. Used for animations and transitions. |

### Popup

A container for the list.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Popup Props:**

| Prop         | Type                                                                                                                   | Default | Description                                                                             |
| :----------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| initialFocus | `boolean \| RefObject<HTMLElement \| null> \| ((openType: InteractionType) => boolean \| void \| HTMLElement \| null)` | -       | Determines the element to focus when the popup is opened.\* `false`: Do not move focus. |

- `true`: Move focus based on the default behavior (first tabbable element or popup).
- `RefObject`: Move focus to the ref element.
- `function`: Called with the interaction type (`mouse`, `touch`, `pen`, or `keyboard`).&#xA;Return an element to focus, `true` to use the default behavior, or `false`/`undefined` to do nothing. |
  | finalFocus | `boolean \| RefObject<HTMLElement \| null> \| ((closeType: InteractionType) => boolean \| void \| HTMLElement \| null)` | - | Determines the element to focus when the popup is closed.\* `false`: Do not move focus.
- `true`: Move focus based on the default behavior (trigger or previously focused element).
- `RefObject`: Move focus to the ref element.
- `function`: Called with the interaction type (`mouse`, `touch`, `pen`, or `keyboard`).&#xA;Return an element to focus, `true` to use the default behavior, or `false`/`undefined` to do nothing. |
  | className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Popup.State) => string \| undefined)` | - | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state. |
  | style | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Popup.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)` | - | - |
  | render | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Popup.State) => ReactElement)` | - | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Popup Data Attributes:**

| Attribute           | Type                                                                       | Description                                                           |
| :------------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| data-open           | -                                                                          | Present when the popup is open.                                       |
| data-closed         | -                                                                          | Present when the popup is closed.                                     |
| data-align          | `'start' \| 'center' \| 'end'`                                             | Indicates how the popup is aligned relative to specified side.        |
| data-empty          | -                                                                          | Present when the items list is empty.                                 |
| data-instant        | `'click' \| 'dismiss'`                                                     | Present if animations should be instant.                              |
| data-side           | `'top' \| 'bottom' \| 'left' \| 'right' \| 'inline-end' \| 'inline-start'` | Indicates which side the popup is positioned relative to the trigger. |
| data-starting-style | -                                                                          | Present when the popup is animating in.                               |
| data-ending-style   | -                                                                          | Present when the popup is animating out.                              |

### Arrow

Displays an element positioned against the anchor.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Arrow Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Arrow.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Arrow.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Arrow.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

**Arrow Data Attributes:**

| Attribute       | Type                                                                       | Description                                                           |
| :-------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| data-open       | -                                                                          | Present when the popup is open.                                       |
| data-closed     | -                                                                          | Present when the popup is closed.                                     |
| data-uncentered | -                                                                          | Present when the arrow is uncentered.                                 |
| data-align      | `'start' \| 'center' \| 'end'`                                             | Indicates how the popup is aligned relative to specified side.        |
| data-side       | `'top' \| 'bottom' \| 'left' \| 'right' \| 'inline-end' \| 'inline-start'` | Indicates which side the popup is positioned relative to the trigger. |

### Status

Displays a status message whose content changes are announced politely to screen readers.
Useful for conveying the status of an asynchronously loaded list.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Status Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                 | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Status.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Status.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Status.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Empty

Renders its children only when the list is empty.
Requires the `items` prop on the root component.
Announces changes politely to screen readers.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Empty Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Empty.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Empty.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Empty.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Collection

Renders filtered list items.
Doesn't render its own HTML element.If rendering a flat list, pass a function child to the `List` component instead, which implicitly wraps it.

**Collection Props:**

| Prop     | Type                                        | Default | Description |
| :------- | :------------------------------------------ | :------ | :---------- |
| children | `((item: any, index: number) => ReactNode)` | -       | -           |

### Row

Displays a single row of items in a grid list.
Enable `grid` on the root component to turn the listbox into a grid.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Row Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                              | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Row.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Row.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Row.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Item

An individual item in the list.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Item Props:**

| Prop         | Type                                                                               | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| :----------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| value        | `any`                                                                              | `null`  | A unique value that identifies this item.                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| onClick      | `((event: BaseUIEvent<MouseEvent<HTMLDivElement, MouseEvent>>) => void)`           | -       | An optional click handler for the item when selected.&#xA;It fires when clicking the item with the pointer, as well as when pressing `Enter` with the keyboard if the item is highlighted when the `Input` or `List` element has focus. |
| index        | `number`                                                                           | -       | The index of the item in the list. Improves performance when specified by avoiding the need to calculate the index automatically from the DOM.                                                                                          |
| nativeButton | `boolean`                                                                          | `false` | Whether the component renders a native `<button>` element when replacing it&#xA;via the `render` prop.&#xA;Set to `true` if the rendered element is a native button.                                                                    |
| disabled     | `boolean`                                                                          | `false` | Whether the component should ignore user interaction.                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| children     | `ReactNode`                                                                        | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| className    | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Item.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                                                                |
| style        | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Item.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | \*                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| render       | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Item.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render.                                            |

**Item Data Attributes:**

| Attribute        | Type | Description                           |
| :--------------- | :--- | :------------------------------------ |
| data-selected    | -    | Present when the item is selected.    |
| data-highlighted | -    | Present when the item is highlighted. |
| data-disabled    | -    | Present when the item is disabled.    |

### ItemIndicator

Indicates whether the item is selected.
Renders a `<span>` element.

**ItemIndicator Props:**

| Prop        | Type                                                                                        | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :---------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| children    | `ReactNode`                                                                                 | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| className   | `string \| ((state: Combobox.ItemIndicator.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style       | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.ItemIndicator.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | \*                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| keepMounted | `boolean`                                                                                   | `false` | Whether to keep the HTML element in the DOM when the item is not selected.                                                                                                                   |
| render      | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.ItemIndicator.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Group

Groups related items with the corresponding label.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Group Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| items     | `any[]`                                                                             | -       | Items to be rendered within this group.&#xA;When provided, child `Collection` components will use these items.                                                                               |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.Group.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.Group.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.Group.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### GroupLabel

An accessible label that is automatically associated with its parent group.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**GroupLabel Props:**

| Prop      | Type                                                                                     | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :-------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| className | `string \| ((state: Combobox.GroupLabel.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -       | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style     | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Combobox.GroupLabel.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -       | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render    | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Combobox.GroupLabel.State) => ReactElement)` | -       | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

### Separator

A separator element accessible to screen readers.
Renders a `<div>` element.

**Separator Props:**

| Prop        | Type                                                                           | Default        | Description                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| :---------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| orientation | `Orientation`                                                                  | `'horizontal'` | The orientation of the separator.                                                                                                                                                            |
| className   | `string \| ((state: Separator.State) => string \| undefined)`                  | -              | CSS class applied to the element, or a function that&#xA;returns a class based on the component’s state.                                                                                     |
| style       | `CSSProperties \| ((state: Separator.State) => CSSProperties \| undefined)`    | -              | -                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| render      | `ReactElement \| ((props: HTMLProps, state: Separator.State) => ReactElement)` | -              | Allows you to replace the component’s HTML element&#xA;with a different tag, or compose it with another component.Accepts a `ReactElement` or a function that returns the element to render. |

## useFilter

Matches items against a query using `Intl.Collator` for robust string matching.
This hook is used when externally filtering items.
Pass the result to the `filter` prop of `<Combobox.Root>`.

### Input parameters

Accepts all `Intl.CollatorOptions`, plus the following options:

**Props:**

| Prop     | Type                   | Default | Description                                                                                                                                   |
| :------- | :--------------------- | :------ | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| locale   | `Intl.LocalesArgument` | -       | The locale to use for string comparison.                                                                                                      |
| multiple | `boolean`              | `false` | Whether the combobox is in multiple selection mode.                                                                                           |
| value    | `any`                  | -       | The current value of the combobox. For single selection, pass this so all items are visible when the query is empty or matches the selection. |

### Return value

**Return Value:**

| Property   | Type                                                                               | Description                                          |
| :--------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------- |
| contains   | `(itemValue: any, query: string, itemToString?: (itemValue) => string) => boolean` | Returns whether the item matches the query anywhere. |
| startsWith | `(itemValue: any, query: string, itemToString?: (itemValue) => string) => boolean` | Returns whether the item starts with the query.      |
| endsWith   | `(itemValue: any, query: string, itemToString?: (itemValue) => string) => boolean` | Returns whether the item ends with the query.        |

## useFilteredItems

Returns the internally filtered items when called inside `<Combobox.Root>`.

### Return value

**Return Value:**

| Property      | Type    | Description         |
| :------------ | :------ | :------------------ |
| filteredItems | `any[]` | The filtered items. |